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The 
Deluge and Its Cause 



Being an explanation of the Annular 
Theory of the formation of the earth, 
with special reference to the flood 
and the legends and folk lore of 
ancient races 



By ISAAC NEWTON VAIL 



AUTHOR OF 

The Earth's Annular System, 

The Coal Problem, 

The Flaming Sword, 

Ophir's Golden Wedge, 

etc., etc. 



SUGGESTION PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

4020 DREXEL BOULEVARD, 
CHICAGO, II^L. 






^^T 

\^^^ 



^£8 17 1905 

I ^^Umgtit tntry 
:? COPY B. 



COi'Yin(iHTEr) 1905 
IJV 
HERliKRT A. PARKVN 



Walton, ^fencer Co. Print, Chicago. 



Introduction 



HAVING been requested to write a few lines 
of introduction for The Deluge and Its 
Cause I take pleasure in saying briefly, that I 
have read the works so far published by Prof. 
Vail dealing w^ith his Annular Theory of the 
earth's formation — a subject to which he has 
devoted nearly thirty-five years of patient, dili- 
gent, scientific research, and I am convinced he 
has rendered a great service to science and hu- 
manity. 

The Annular Theory accounts for many 
strange facts in nature and mythology, and is a 
distinct service to those who hold that the Mo- 
saic account of creation is a true account. In 
the present volume, which deals more especially 
with the deluge, the author has shown the great 
similarity that exists between the early legends 
and the advent of man. He has shown also that 
the narrative in Genesis is neither mythical nor 
allegorical, but a statement of events as they ap- 
peared to those who witnessed them; that the 
reason why the Mosaic account is not better un- 
derstood now is because we of today are in ig- 
norance of the strange physical conditions of 

3 



I3S 



the heavens and earth that presented themselves 
to primitive man, but which passed away in ac- 
cordance with the laws of world evolution. The 
theory of a watery canopy or annular vapor for- 
mation surrounding the earth makes the account 
in Genesis perfectly clear, and this theory finds 
confirmation .in the mythological (?) lore of all 
ancient races and in the ''fossil thought" of wide- 
ly distributed tribes. 

The Deluge, then, was undoubtedly a real 
thing. Water did fall from heaven in unprece- 
dented quantities and the source of so great a 
quantity of super-aerial waters has forever 
passed away. The first rainbow did appear after 
the deluge and there will never be another deluge. 

All these points are so clearly set forth in The 
Deluge and Its Cause and Prof. Vail's other 
writings that none can deny or dispute. His 
logic is unassailed; all facts support his deduc- 
tions, and proof is found in the rocks and geolog- 
ic records as well as in the biblical legends and 
race thoughts of forgotten peoples. 

I commend this book to the thoughtful reader, 
with the positive belief that all who have patience 
to follow the author carefully to the end will 
agree with me that the Annular Theory solves 
problems that have long baffled bible scholars as 
well as scientists. 



In the present volume the author has merely 
given us enough of his theory to make us anx- 
ious to follow him further. As the result of his 
many years of research and his personal investi- 
gation of many of this earth's physical pheno- 
mena, he has gathered enough information of in- 
terest to fill a half hundred large volumes, and 
I am sure that every student of the Annular 
Theory will pray earnestly that Prof. Vail may be 
spared many years more to continue his investi- 
gations and see the results of his research given 
to the scientific world in printed form. His first 
large volume The Waters Above the Firmament 
(400 pages), a wonderful book, was published 
two years ago and will be followed by other 
volumes as the number of students of the An- 
7iiilar Theory increases, and I predict that the in- 
terest that will be awakened by The Deluge 
AND Its Cause will encourage the author to pro- 
ceed with their immediate publication. 

Herbert A. Parkyn, M. D., 

Editor Suggestion. 

4020 Drexel Boulevard, Chicago, 111. 

Dec. 24th, 1904. 




The Waters Above the Earth. 



This cut shows the earth as it existed before the flood 
surrounded by a vapor canopy which caused perpetual 
summer; there was no rain, no sun, no moon, no rainbow, 
no storms or winds; no seasons, and man Hved far longer 
than now. 

When this canopy fell as the Deluge, the physical 
condition of the earth changed, and man's environment 
was greatly modified. 



INDEX 



The Deluge 




9 


The Molten Earth . 




12 


The Testimony 




. i6 


The Canopy 




i6 


Its Naturalness 




17 


Geologic Canopies . 




19 


Change of Oceans 




20 


Old Tropic Conditions 




21 


The Glacial Epochs 




24 


Arctic Mammals 




25 


Witnesses from Beds of Fossil Thought 




The Antidiluvian Heavens 


• 33 


Japanese Testimony ... 


• 33 


The Vedas of Ancient India 


37 


The Ancient Greek Heaven 


42 


The Roman Heaven . . . 


45 


Scandinavian Thought 


, , 


48 


The Serpent or Dragon 


. 


51 


The Inevitable Result 


. 


52 


Oceanic Augmentation 


. 


53 


The Hebrew Skies . 


, 


55 


The Shamayim of Heaven 


57 


Waters Above the Firman 

7 


lent 


58 



He Made the Stars Also 






60 


The Great Lights 






61 


The Polar Sky Opening 






63 


The Eden Earth 






65 


A Rainless World 






66 


Change of Deity Names 






70 


Man's Great Longevity 






. 72 


The Grand Intent 






• 75 


The Great Deep 






79 


Some Other Deep 






. 82 


After the Flood 






90 


The Rainbow . 






. 91 


Man's New Environment 




• 95 


A Nightless Age 




• 97 


Telescopic View of Vapor Canopy on Jupiter 109 


The Post Deluvian Wind 


• 


no 



APPENDIX 



Human Longevity Reduced 
The Conclusion 
Note .... 

The Earth's Annular System 



115 
119 
126 
127 



THE DELUGE. 



A Solution that Solves a Thousand Prob- 
lems. — A Catastrophe seen from 
THE Standpoint of Law. 

I have been deeply interested in the recent dis- 
cussion of the Deluge problem, from the perilous 
standpoint of miraculous intervention, as taken by 
one of the most competent advocates of that 
school, who has presented some quieting assur- 
ances that in very modern geologic times, a ter- 
rific sv^eep of waves has involved all the north- 
ern and northwestern slopes of the Asiatic conti- 
nent. As the years go by the Deluge asserts its 
immortality, as an old-time memorial. In con- 
sideration of the fact that it has been discussed 
from almost every conceivable standpoint, I will 
venture to offer something new on the subject. 

As far back as the summer of 1874 I published 
a little volume, the first edition of this, to show 
that the Deluge occurred as a philosophic neces- 
sity, arising from a world-condition that no 
longer obtains. In that work it was maintained 
that a vast cloud-canopy of primitive earth-vapors, 
such as now envelop the planets Jupiter and 

9 



Saturn, lingered as a revolving deluge-source, in 
the skies of antediluvian man, — a source of pri- 
meval rains, snows and hail, competent to produce 
all the floods, and all the Glacial Epochs the 
earth ever saw, and that this last fall of those pri- 
mordial waters deepened the oceans many 
fathoms. 

More than a quarter of a^ century has passed 
since this canopy theory was launched upon the 
sea of uncertainty, and it has been a source of 
deep satisfaction to find that to-day such men as 
the younger Winchell can say that the "Earth's 
vapors must have lingered on high much later 
than has been supposed," and that he *'has no 
objection to their presence even down to recent 
geologic times." (I have not asked Professor 
Wincheirs permission to make this statement of 
his public.) 

In this attempt I w^ant to reaffirm the certainty 
that primitive man saw the last remnants of the 
Earth's Annular System revolving over him as a 
great world-roof of watery vapors, and that it 
involved him in a world-environment necessarily 
Edenic in character, and catastrophic in its close, 
and that the narrative of the flood is a simple and 
truthful account of the fall of that ''upper Deep" 
of waters, as the memory of surviving humanity 
deposed. 

10 



When we turn our telescopes to the skies we 
find two giant planets, and perhaps others, still 
involved in aqueous clouds, adequate to deluge 
, a world like ours from pole to pole ; and all I ask 
is that thinkers admit that our world closed its 
Neptunic career in accord with inexorable law 
thousands of years after man came upon the 
scene. There certainly can be no philosophic objec- 
tion to lingering canopies of tellurio-cosmic wa- 
ters, as such a world-roof is absolutely essential 
to make an Eden on Earth, as a birth place and 
kindergarten for the infant race of men. If such 
a claim be conceded, then we will have to admit 
that the Earth had a Saturn-like anmdar system, 
or at least a Jupiter-like canopy , all through geo' 
logic time, as a most competent world-builder and 
desolator. 

The remarkable persistency with which the 
memorials of a flood have lived in human thought, 
as the ages have rolled on, is a fact of mo- 
mentous import. Not alone have the echoes of a 
terrible world-catastrophe been preserved and 
transmitted to us through the ancient Semitic 
races, in substantial and circumstantial detail. 
Hundreds of years, it may be hundreds of cen- 
turies, before the historic birth of the Hebrew 
people, a record of that sweeping cataclysm was 
made on clay tablets, and kept in imperishable 

II 



stone, in the childlike simplicity of a primitive 
tongue, and buried for more than four thousand 
years from the gaze of man. Even before they 
were hidden by the dust of centuries, the nature 
of that visitation had become so clouded by the 
mists of time that these annals of a hoary past 
show by their very diction that the theme of the 
Deluge was then old, and of oblivious import. 

There is, however, a citadel of testimony to be 
found in the deluge narratives in the true interpre- 
tation of statements that have, as I think, been 
altogether misunderstood because we are not 
familiar with those world-conditions which made 
a deluge not only a possible, but a necessary 
thing. I say necessary because we all know that 
all our oceans had to fall from the skies. For, 
every drop of the mighty waters that now wash 
the world's trembling coasts was sent as high as 
the inveterate heat of the igneous earth could urge 
them, and it now devolves upon the thinker to tell 
how, and when, they came back. 

The Molten It is not necessary for me to 

Earth go into the world's high court 

to prove that this planet was once in a state of 
igneous fusion. The physicist, and even the 
ordinary man of thought, know very well that if 
any question in physics has been settled by the 
logic of inductive science, it is the fact that our 

12 



planet was once in a molten state. There was a 
time when the earth shone out as a scintillating 
star. The only clouds that then floated were 
fireborn mineral and metallic sublimations, from 
oceans of tossing lava and leaping flame. Where 
were our oceans of water then? I need not bring 
testimony to prove to any intelligent audience that 
those waters floated as a measureless ocean of 
vapors on the very outskirts of the molten sphere. 
When the geologist finds a ''lost rock" — a great 
boulder lying far out on the plain, he knows that 
by some transporting medium it has been carried 
from its original home, and it is possible to follow 
the track of the wanderer back to its native site. 
And he is not miuch of a geologist who does not 
know that not only rocks, but vast beds, of con- 
tinental dimensions have been built by materials 
carried from afar; but how many of us reiflect 
when we see a pond, a lake, a sea, or an ocean, 
that every drop of it was formed in the world's 
great laboratory of implacable flames and driven 
to the lofty skies? Here is something also 
brought from afar ; and as intelligent investigators 
we must trace the waters back to their original 
home. They have come from the telluric heavens 
and we want to know how they came back. We 
now have to admit that during an immeasurable 
lapse of time the young earth was surrounded by 

13 



a vast ocean of watery vapors, which were com- 
petent in their fall to deluge the earth a hundred 
times ; yes, a thousand times. 

Is it an impossible thought, then, that some of 
that vast primordial ocean lingered on high and 
fell after man inhabited the earth? I know it is 
said that when the earth cooled down the waters 
fell, and thus far we can all agree and stand on th( 
same rock foundation of admitted fact. Here, too, 
is the prolific source of variant thought. Geol- 
ogists generally have maintained that this great 
world-fund of waters fell back to the earth imme- 
diately after it cooled down, and that even the 
oceans rolled over the solid planet as -they do to- 
day when it was yet hot and seething, and that 
they were driven back to the skies again and 
again. 

I must say that I cannot view it in that way, 
and am forced to part company here with the 
great school of geological scholars. I believe it 
is mathematically and mechanically demonstrable 
that a very small portion of the earth's fire-formed 
waters came back in that early age. The logic of 
eloquent facts crowding to testify before the 
world's great jury shows that the watery vapors 
driven out from the world furnace were eventually 
made to revolve about as a Saturn-like ring sys- 
tem. This being true, those vapors could not fall 

14 



except in a progressive decline, lasting through 
immeasurable ages. Scientific men affirm that 
our moon is falling to the earth, but that the final 
collapse is in the wind-up of unknown ages to 
come. Rings cannot fall directly to the earth, so 
long as they have a revolving movement, any 
more than its moon, but must linger as great cloud 
belts or bands such as we see to-day in the firma- 
ment of the planet Jupiter. 

Here is a first class opportunity for the forma- 
tion of very opposite schools of thought. The old 
school sees the vapors return as hot and steam- 
ing waters to the earth, and begin their eternal 
round of destructive and constructive processes. 
The new school of annular students sees a vast 
amount of the primitive vapors in a ring system, 
and drops them in the fullness of time, as great 
Jupiter-like clouds upon the earth. The old 
school sees a vast down-rush of waters in arch- 
sean time. The new school carries that fund of 
waters away down the flood of time and drops 
them in grand installments all along the ''ages/' 
In fact, each grand installment is credited with 
the task of making one of the ages, and the Del- 
uge of Noah is made the last installment. Each 
installment brought down from the lofty skies an 
addition to the ocean ; and with a vast amount of 
other tellurio-cosmic matter, made large addi- 
tions to the earth's strata. 

15 



It is willingly left to the world's jury to com- 
pare the two views, and this brings me at once 
to the task of showing the annular side of the 
problem. 

yj^g It is difficult for any one to 

Testimony find a competent cause in the 

formation of Ages if we do not delegate the of- 
fice to annular installments. What closed the 
Cambrian age and made the broad outlines of 
the Huronian? What closed the Huronian and 
ushered, in succession, a new environment 
stamped in unmistakable characters in the Silur- 
ian ? Refuse to give ring installments the credit, 
by giving additions to the oceans,- and the old 
school is compelled to doubt the existence of 
''geologic ages/' I have never yet heard of an 
attempt to explain why ages ''came and went." 
Why, in the roll of ages, earth leaped again and 
again from a lower to a higher plane ? I state it 
as the conviction from a life of close study, that 
if the waters had all fallen immediately after the 
earth cooled down, there could have been but 
one age after that; and that this succession of 
ages is evidence of the consecutive fall of rings. 

jjjg This annular theory necessa- 

Canopy rily leads to the conclusion 

that in the gradual and progressive decline of 

rings, canopies must result, and ''Deluges" must 

i6 



result from the gradual collapse of canopies. 
Rings must decline, of course, into the equatorial 
atmosphere of a planet. The centrifugal motion 
of the rotating earth, with its resisting atmos- 
phere, would resist the downward movement of 
such vapors, which would seek to fall toward 
the point or points of least resistance. Every 
one will concede that the poles of the planet are 
such points. Hence it must be admitted that 
ring vapors must float from the equatorial to the 
polar heavens, and owing to the excessive slow- 
ness of the fall of all revolving matter, a canopy 
must become a cloud satellite to its primary 
world, and it is my care to prove that the infant 
race of men saw such a canopy of watery vapors 
move from, the equator to the poles, zMle it re- 
volved about the earth, and iinally saw it break 
from its celestial fastenings and desolate the 
planet. 

Itg Is there anything unnatural 

Naturalness or strained, so far, in this 

presentation of a deluge source ? The old school 
complain bitterly when an effort is itiade to 
shorten the time they want for the evolution of 
earth, and why, in this most stupendous contract 
of world-building, they allow so short a time for 
the oceans to fall, and hurry them back to the 
earth, is only one of many incongruities. Here 

17 



I must digress far enough to explain that in any 
'effort to exploit the canopy origin of the flood 
we must not divorce it from a competent phys- 
ical cause, nor from essential world-conditions. 
The Deluge must be treated from the standpoint 
of geological causes ; and as one of the grand 
stepping stones leading from one age to another — 
out of one world-condition to another. Had the 
flood of Noah been of such stupendous magni- 
tude and severity as some of those which marked 
grand world-revolutions of geologic time, such as 
buried in one vast graveyard the Tertiary dead, 
we would to-day have seen the result in the im- 
mortal impress of a dying world-stage on the 
pages of time. In this instance it has not left so 
much of a rock record as it has a record pre- 
served in the fossil beds of thought. The Deluge 
was a weak and expiring effort of old conditions. 
Decrepit causes in world evolution were ending 
their long career. This of course predicates that 
the last of earth rings, as geologic agents in 
world-making, had so far descended as to make a 
universal world-roof over this planet. 

Such a vapor roof would be, as any one can 
see, a universal watery heaven instead of a starry 
heaven. It forces us to concede that the skies of 
antediluvian man were preparing for an inevita- 
ble world baptism, a desolating flood-plunge in 

i8 



medial latitudes, and vast snow-avalanches in 
polar lands. I think we can say with the utmost 
confidence and sincerity that such a preparation 
may have been m.ade right in the line of old and 
decrepit world-causes. This is all we need for 
the present, and premising this flood cause and 
source, no man can limit its capacity as an earth 
desolator. With this much of a running argu- 
ment we come more directly in contact with 
primitive Testimony. 

Geologic ^-S I have intimated, we must 

Canopies now^ take a backward glance 

at some of the monumental witnesses left in the 
grand march of time. I want to note liow some- 
thing very like a vapor canopy has left its way- 
marks all up and down the flood of the ''Ages.'' 
Though it may be difficult to point cut any def- 
inite or firm outlines or boundaries separating 
ages, this does not in the least militate against 
the well estabhshed fact that an actual record of 
*'ages" exists, and that they had some all compe- 
tent differentiating cause. 

A vapor roof arching the heavens, as all will 
admit, must make coincident w^orld-conditions ; 
and it necessarily follows that in the collapse of 
such a w^orld-regulator, those conditions would 
be brought to an end, and other conditions made 
to succeed them. Do we find this succession of 

19 



conditions as we trace the geologic record? If 
we do what was their cause ? Has the old school 
geologist ever explained them to the inquiring 
pupil? Now let us see if we cannot show that 
conditions came and went as canopies came and 
went. 

Change of This supposition is abundant- 

Oceans ly fortified by the fact, ad- 

mitted on all hands, that those world-conditions 
changed, as the oceanic waters changed their con- 
ditions. The very general changes in ocean life ; 
— changes in the ocean fauna in all parts of the 
world on the same geologic horizon, are all the 
evidence we need to show that the character of 
the ocean's waters was universally changed, again 
and again. 

This may not be altogether convincing that 
vast canopy-falls changed the waters, but the un- 
erring finger of philosophic world evolution 
points that way. 

How could the present life in the ocean un- 
dergo a visible change without a coincident 
change in the condition of the waters? The 
ocean fauna has arisen from plane to plane many 
times. A change in oceanic waters necessitates 
am. addition of waters; and an addition must come 
only from on high, and we are simply compelled 
to concede that the successive changes that show 

20 



how life was built on life in the geologic ages 
came by watery additions from vast celestial 
sources. I say the index hand of Time points to 
the Earth's Ring System, and the inevitable fall 
of canopy-waters : Thus the Noachian flood- 
source appears on the rational horizon. Canopy- 
waters lingering much later than Archaean time 
come immediately to the witness stand. 

This reciprocal relationship of canopy to ocean- 
life and world-condition is of supreme impor- 
tance. If we should critically examine every age ; 
note the old life forms that have died, and the 
new conditions and life of the ancient seas, we 
would see each and every age characterized by 
augmented waters. If we could detect ten thou- 
sand such changes, the canopy of supra-aerial 
waters would simply testify ten thousand times 
to their competency as flood makers. 

Old Tropic Another well established fact. 

Conditions prominently emblazoned on 

the pages of the geologic past, is that of tropic 
or green-Jiouse conditions scattered all along the 
ages. It is not needful that I should lengthen 
this discussion by interlopating physical testi- 
mony to prove that a vapor canopy must impose 
tropic or hot-house conditions upon the earth. 
Any one competent to handle and read the phil- 
osopher's scales, knows that such a world-cover- 

21 



ing and protector would eventually banish every 
vestige of winter from the earth, and produce 
one long-continued summer time even up to the 
poles. How many times the earth of the geologic 
past has thus entered Edenic conditions we can- 
not say, but there is one thing we can say posi- 
tively : that it has passed through green-house 
conditions again and again ; and that again and 
again such tropic scenes have ended. We all 
know that to-day the earth has buried in its 
rocky bosom the eloquent records of abounding 
tropic life, and that it is painfully admitted on 
all hands that in their efforts to fathom this 
mystery the stoutest scientific minds have been 
stranded for nearly a century. We must find an 
adequate physical cause for these great world 
stages. I know not how many people have at- 
tempted to account for them by the inevitable 
return of the primeval vapors to the earth, in the 
line of canopy evolution ; but I do know that this 
most competent explanation has been struggling 
toward recognition for more than a quarter of a 
century. 

Let us imagine a great ocean of vapors sent to 
the heavens from the molten earth, and there 
divided and subdivided into annular sections, each 
section coming down into the atmosphere in its 
own fulness of time, and spreading as a vapor 

22 



canopy from the equator to the poles. Each 
time, as each instahment reached the atmosphere 
in its fall, it would simply force the earth into 
tropic conditions, and keep it in those conditions, 
it may have been, for millions of years. Could 
inventive Nature contrive a more efficient scheme 
for producing those garden scenes that meet our 
gaze all through the carboniferous age? Look 
at the interminable jungles of that era. It seems to 
me we cannot fail to see that the primitive, sooty, 
carbon-laden vapors which went up in the molten 
era, had returned to make a carbonaceous world- 
environment for the installation of that abound- 
ing growth of vegetation. We cannot satisfac- 
torily account for the vast deposits of carbona- 
ceous matter, without the innovation of a car- 
bonaceous environment by the return of sooty 
carbon as vegetable food for the plant-world, by 
which the air, earth, and seas became charged 
with the very elements that installed exuberant 
vegetable life. This primitive carbon element 
sent up from the molten earth, and the vegetable 
growth it impelled, under hot house conditions, 
lie buried to-day in the coal-measures of the 
world. 

The remarkable deposits of this carbon, filled 
with vegetation more abundant in the regions 
up toward the poles, where, as I have stated, can- 

23 



opies must decline, and the more remarkable fact 
of the utter absence so far as we know of vegeta- 
ble coals in the equatorial earth — the very home 
of vegetation in all ages, forces the resistless con- 
viction upon me, that canopies and canopy down- 
falls made the ages, and the Deluge canopy be- 
comes more and more probable. 

The Glacial The most puzzling picture of 

Epochs the *'ages" is the sudden and 

sullen reign of death in the very empire of abun- 
dant life — the deadly march of continental glac- 
iers over the ruins of a tropic world. Has the 
mystery no solution? That periods of tropic 
growth and abounding animal life have ended 
in excessive cold is a fact so fully established 
that no one now attempts to gainsay it, and it 
is a humiliation to the old school geologists to 
have to admit that they here have met a stumbling 
block which they can neither climb over nor cir- 
cumvent. Then, too, some of those warm pe- 
riods have so suddenly closed, that summer is 
actually found in the icy grasp of inveterate 
winter. It would seem that nature had done all 
it could do to block the old path, and turn the 
thinker's eyes toward canopy evolution. Here 
the lingering canopy assumes stalwart preten- 
sions. 

The same vapor world-roof which made a 
24 



tropic earth from pole to pole swarming with 
living forms, before the canopy fell, changed those 
conditions as it fell, and we have an opportunity 
to estimate its suddenness and efficiency. A 
canopy of primitive vapors, as before stated, must 
fall largely in polar lands, and fall there as im- 
measurable reaches of snow ; and such a fall must 
have sent the chill of winter and death into the 
very midst of summer life. It is very plain that 
if supra-aerial vapors could make a hot-house 
world, those same vapors in their final collapse 
must have buried all but the medial latitudes in 
a snowy grave, and we have the most overtower- 
ing testimony that some of those tropic periods 
ended in the stern rigors of winter. 

^yqHq Immediately prior to one of 

Mammals the great ice periods the 

wooly rhinoceros and hairy mammoth, and their 
congeners, luxuriated in pastures^ at least semi- 
tropic, under the arctic circle. To-day they are 
entombed in ice and frozen earth on the very 
spot they lived. When we recall the fact that we 
can place no limit to canopy snows, we can read- 
ily understand why these huge quadrupeds are 
sealed away in the eternal glacier. Glaciers are 
formed of snows, and the icy piles that contain 
their dead must have been at one time measure- 
less snow-falls which filled the valleys and over- 
topped the mountains. 

25 



The mammoth has been found in many places 
in the frozen world in such condition as to leave 
no doubt that it was suddenly overtaken on its 
forage ground, and buried in unknown depths of 
snow on the spot. They certainly floundered to 
their death in a snowy grave. That the snows 
that buried these huge animals fell suddenly on a 
world of pastures, — as all-involving avalanches,, 
should no longer remain in tne realm of scien- 
tific controversy. 

Mammoths have been repeatedly found in the 
ice and frozen soil of Siberia and Alaska, with 
the food in their stomachs undigested, the flesh 
preserved and devoured by bears and woK'^.s as 
they gnawed it from its frozen matrix. Their 
fat has been rendered and used in lamps. The 
very pupil of the eye has been preserved and 
the blood vescicles unaltered. Suddenness is the 
eloquent epitaph inscribed all over the polar 
graveyard. 

The frozen mammoth found in 1901 in eastern 
Siberia by Dr. Herz is such an unimpeachable 
witness of the sudden downrush of vast ava- 
lanches of canopy snows, that I will reproduce 
here an article on the subject written by myself 
and printed in the Scientific American (May 10, 
1902) : 

. . . 'T have read with great interest in your 
26 



issue of April 12, the note on the recent discovery 
of the body of a mammoth, in cold storage, by 
Dr. Herz, in the ice-bound region of Eastern 
Siberia. This, it seems to me, is more than a 
'Rosetta Stone' in the path of the geologist. It 
offers the strongest testimony in support of the 
claim that all the glacial epochs and all the del- 
uges the earth ever saw, were caused by the pro- 
gressive and successive decline of primitive earth- 
vapors, lingering about our planet as the cloud 
vapors of the planets Jupiter and Saturn linger 
about those bodies to-day. 

''Allow me to suggest to my brother geologists 
that remnants of the terrestrial watery vapors 
may have revolved about the earth as a Jupiter- 
like canopy, even down to very recent geologic 
times. Such vapors must fall chiefly in polar 
lands, through the channel of least resistance and 
greatest attraction, and certainly as vast ava- 
lanches of tellurio-cosmic snows. Then, too, such 
a canopy, or world-roof, must have tempered the 
climate up to the poles and thus afforded pas- 
turage to the mammoth and his congeners of the 
Arctic w^orld — making a g'reen-house earth under 
a green-house roof. If this be admitted, we can 
place no limits to the magnitude and efficiency of 
canopy avalanches to desolate a world of exuber- 
ant life. It seems that Dr. Herz's mammoth, like 

27 



many others found buried in glacier ice, with their 
food undigested in their stomachs, proves that it 
was suddenly overtaken with a crushing fall of 
snow. In this case, with grass in its mouth un- 
masticated, it tells an unerring tale of death in a 
snowy grave. If this be conceded, we have what 
may have been an all-competent source of glacial 
snows, and we may gladly escape the unphiloso- 
phic alternative that the earth grew cold in order 
to get its casement of snow, while, as I see it, it 
got its snows and then grew cold, 

"During the igneous age the oceans went to the 
skies, along with a measureless fund of mineral 
and metallic sublimations ; and if we concede that 
these vapors formed into an annular system and 
returned during the ages in grand installments, 
some of them lingering even down to the age of 
man, we may explain many things that are dark 
and perplexing to-day. 

"As far back as 1874 I published some of these 
thoughts in pamphlet form, and it is with the 
hope that the thinkers of the twentieth century 
will look after them that I again call up the 
'Canopy Theory.' "... 

It is idle to attempt to shun the plain demands 
of falling avalanches in the production of such 
work as this. Such snow-falls never came from 
the clouds in the atmosphere, and hence we must 

28 



look for their source beyond the atmosphere, in 
the realm of exterior snows. For this reason, if 
for no other, we must conclude that the original 
source of all such snow-falls was the immeasure- 
able energy expended in the molten earth, whose 
grand effort was to form innumerable sublima- 
tions and send them to the skies. Once there, 
mechanical and physical necessity forced them 
into a ring system which in turn detained them 
to fall successively in the fulness of time. 

We must not lose sight of the fact that it re- 
quires a great expenditure of heat-force to make 
snow and ice. Close to my home in Pasadena is 
an artificial ice factory, which uses two 40-horse 
power engines, driven by steam produced by the 
consumption of a vast amount of fuel oil. Ac- 
cording to the current theory of the cause of 
glaciation, the earth is taken away from the in- 
fluence of the sun's heat, to get it covered with 
snow and ice. Dr. Croll and his coadjutors make 
the furnace do more work by diminishing its 
fires. 

The question is simply this : How could the 
earth's molten furnace form the ocean of aqueous 
vapors and send them to the skies without form- 
ing a limitless amount of snow and ice to return 
sometime to the earth? So long as physical law 
holds the helm of order in the scheme of nature, 

29 



it must get its snows first, and then grow cold. 
This compels us to fall back to the fires of the 
igneous earth for a competent source of energy— 
to the earth's annular system and its canopy, re- 
volving in regions of inveterate cold. This con- 
ceded, the geologist will find a clear field with 
many a stumbling block removed. 

With this much light on the subject the Gi- 
braltar of ''existing causes'' falls, and we must con- 
clude that the glacial epochs and the snow-falls 
that suddenly terminated the career of the mam- 
moth in Arctic lands, came from a source that does 
not now exist. Then the source of all those ter- 
rific deluges has passed away ; and we approach 
the problem of the Noachian flood under a panoply 
of canopy witnesses, feeling that the ancient 
source of primitive floods ''broken up" forever, 
lingered in the heavens and did not cease to exist 
until it gave the human family an ocular demon- 
stration of its competency to drown the world. 

From this rock of philosophic reasoning we can 
look back on the geologic past and know for a 
certainty that the continuity of causes fails to 
explain at a most vital stage, and that dying en- 
ergies, set in routine at the very birth of the 
planet, have left their way-marks as geologic 
guide-posts through time. We know why thr 
throne of implacable winter has been reared again 

30 



and again on the ruins of summer life. We sec 
vapor canopies as nature's first refrigerators, and 
the molten earth as the source of energy to place 
the world again and again in cold storage. The 
Canopy is forever on the witness stand to give 
a philosophic rendering to the glacier puzzle. 
Anchored to the skies as a protecting roof, it gave 
the world its life and its bloom and plunging 
down from its celestial fastenings, it gave it its 
zmnding-sheet of snozv. Vast remnants of the 
world-glaciers still hold in their grasp the polar 
lands and their mighty dead. The ice fields and 
their spectral hosts tell the ceaseless tale of a 
living world crushed under a falling canopy. 

In the Earth's Annular System and its resultant 
canopies, we seem to have a most satisfactory 
accounting, not only for the simple succession of 
ages, but also for the prominent characteristics of 
the ages. To account for a snov^^-bound world, 
or an ice-fettered hemisphere, where it is plain 
that semi-tropic animals have simply stepped from 
the verdure of summer into the grave of the 
glacier, we want to get as far as we can from the 
old school scheme of world glaciation. 

Let us bear in mind that we are examiining 
the possibilities of conditions in modern geologic 
times. We have brought the fire-formed watery 
"heaven from Archaean to Glacial times, and we 

31 



will be pardoned if we carry it farther on our 
way to the home and time of antediluvian man. 
As we pass from glacial into inter- and post-glacial 
times we meet with Dana's raging waters, ''floods 
vast beyond conception," and we are confronted 
with a problem that the old school can neither 
climb over, nor get around. 

An ice-bound earth, the very snow and ice 
that brought on the rigors of implacable winte* 
still present, and yet so warm that the ice-king is 
hurried from his throne. Glaciers are melted, 
down into raging floods. This is the picture of 
the close of the last great ice age. 

Now, as I see it, a world once placed in cold 
storage would have to stay there if direct solar 
heat only should undertake to warm the glacier. 
The solar furnace could only add more watery 
vapors, which the very presence of snows would 
precipitate as snows upon a snow field. Imagine 
Alaska's or Greenland's Mer de glace melting 
down into "floods vast beyond conception" by the 
CroUian scheme of a slow return to solar influ- 
ence! Such a thing seems impossible under 
causes now existing. Another vapor canopy is 
imperatively needed to melt an ice continent. We 
see how such a world-master is competent to make 
a hot-house climate — a world of abounding life. 
Another canopy came, for the ice fields disap- 

32 



peared. The mammoth and other huge quadru- 
peds found genial pastures away up toward the 
pole. It is said an Eden-world supervened — a 
garden earth, wherein man dwelt naked. We 
simply find a frozen world changed to a green- 
house vv^orld, and we may challenge the old school 
to bring about such a state of affairs without 
canopy aid. 

Witnesses from Beds I will now attempt to prove 
of Fossil Thought. The ^^ ^ . ^. i. ^. . 

Antideluvian Heavens *at m the cradle tmie of man, 

he actually saw a vapor invested sky, and that 
he has sent immortal records of the fact down 
to our time. So far we have been delving among 
the fossils of geologic time. Now, in spite of 
our prejudices, we are to deal in the fossil beds 
of thought. These beds also have a tale to tell. 
They are unimpeachable witnesses, and they are 
in the world's court to-day, and forever. Legend 
and song, on pillar, and tablet of imperishable 
stone, make the post-glacial canopy a historic 
fact, for in them we find intelligent memorials of 
a vapor heaven. 

Japanese -"-^ ^^ ^^^ human records of 

Testimony a vapor heaven in far off 

Japan we cannot think they were invented in an- 
cient Armenia, the reputed home of the ark, and 
we may feel assured that the child-like race saw 
some of the last remnants of the Earth's An- 

33 



nular System, and we will have to admit that, 
as we approach the time of the Deluge, the prob- 
able canopy is raised toward the level of 
certainties. 

The Japanese have their holy bible, the Kojiki, 
venerable as containing the fossil thought coming 
dow^n from the midnight of historic time, and 
venerated as being the immortal record of 
Heaven's intercourse with the earth. Though it 
is a pagan book, and its penmen pagan scribes, 
it will affirm till the last sun goes down that cer- 
tain world-conditions, once known to man, have 
forever passed from human eyes. As translated 
by Chamberlain, the Kojiki makes the startling 
statement that in the childhood of Japan the 
Kami, or gods, brought the heavens and the 
earth very close together and that the sun-gods 
Izanagi and Izanami, having established their 
throne of light on the ''floating bridge of heaven/' 
ruled the earth from thence. 

Did the author of this statement intend to ex- 
ploit the canopy theory, by calling the heaven a 
''floating bridge,'' the home of solar light very 
close to the earth? Izanagi and Izanami, as all 
oriental scholars know, were sun-born characters, 
ruling in the sun-god's palace, and the only 
meaning we can get is that an illuminated canopy 
close to the earth acted as an agent and sub- 

34 



stitute of the sun. When sun-born powers rule 
the earth instead of the sun itself, then the solar 
orb is held in the back-ground, and we will have 
to conclude that such a thing cannot be unless a 
vapor heaven held the sun in control. In other 
Vv^ords, the Japanese heaven v/as the medium of 
solar light, and in order to be at once a world- 
controller and a ''floating bridge'' very close to 
the earth, it had to be a vapor canopy in view. 

'The Kojiki further states that in course of 
time heaven, at first very close to the earth, 
''began to retire, and eventually passed utterly 
away,'' ''So that communication betv/een the 
earth and the celestial world altogether ceased.'^ 
Now I need not tell intelligent thinkers that the 
only heaven that could pass away was a vapor 
heaven, and all temporary heavens are canopies. 
But as if to fix this immortal legend in the gal- 
axy of facts the Kojiki tells us further that as 
this old earth-embracing heaven passed azvay, the 
new sun-god, Ninigi, came into powder. In this, 
as all can see, a vapor canopy is distinctly and 
emphatically'^ssertM.__A.Jiew_ solar power could 
not descend to rule the earth as an old heaven 
retired, save through the fall of a sun hiding 
canopy. 

All this startling information is further sup- 
ported by the statement that when Izanagi and 

35 



Izanami ruled, they made their daughter, Ama- 
terasu, to rule the wide expanse of heaven as the 
regent or goddess of the sun. Now Amaterasu 
means ''Heaven-shine/' and we cannot avoid the 
conclusion that this shining regent of the sun was 
a shining canopy. The solar light, pouring into 
the earth investing vapors, made that heaven, or 
canopy, the world's illuminator. Amaterasu was 
the shining heaven, for ''Heaven-shine" could be 
nothing more nor less, and the sun could not 
have a ''regenf' in any other sense than that the 
true sun was kept in the background, or hidden. 
A sun-regent is a sun-substitute, and we cannot 
get a sun-substitute without placing a vapor 
heaven, or canopy, close to the earth, thus hiding 
the true heavens and all their gods. In the very 
beginning of the Kojiki it is asserted that ''when 
the Heaven and Earth separated the three Kami 
(gods) produced the beginning of things," that 
these "Kami were self-made and hid their beings/' 
What more is needed to show that the fossil 
beds of Japanese thought present the fact that 
the race in its childhood saw a sun hiding an 
ephemeral, vapor heaven? Doubting critics may 
call this evidence mythological, but that cannot 
detract from its meaning. It is the genius of 
fundamental truth that testifies, and we will fine 
as we proceed along this line that the ancient 



world is all aglow with this same shining heaven, 
as a sun screen. If the heaven of ancient 
Japan was an ephemeral one, close to the earth, 
then all other lands had the same sun-hiding can- 
opy. Who wrote the lines : 
'' In the morning of the world 
The Earth was nigher Heaven than now.'' 
The Vedas of The Vedas of ancient India 

Ancient India are amazing stores of canopy 

thought, and as a tooth or bone from the 
earth's crust tells us the truth of the fossil 
skeleton, so, too, the fossil thoughts of ancient 
India bring out the canopy in all its primeval 
glory. Varuna, as all Sanskrit scholars know, 
was the primitive heaven of the Vedas. The 
meaning of the name is the ''coverer" or ''con- 
cealor;" or, as some would have it, the ''surround- 
er." Now what did the Hindu heaven conceal or 
cover up? The only heaven that could hide any- 
thing was an ephemeral vapor heaven; and the 
true condition of the Vedic skies shines forth in 
the well known fact that all through the older 
Vedas, Varuna constantly poses as the ''regeuf 
or ''sitbstiHite of the sun." And as I have before 
said, we cannot conceive of a sun-regent with- 
out putting the solar orb in the background. The 
Vedic sun, Siirya, was hidden behind the vapor 
heaven, Varuna. 

37 



I here copy from Chamber's Encyclopaedia : 
^'Originally Varuna seems to have been conceived 
as the sun from the time after his setting to that 
of its rise/' What did primitive man originally 
know about the sun after it set, and its journey in 
the underworld? How could Varuna act as a 
regent of the sun from sun-set to sun-rise? In 
short, how did Varuna ever come to be so promi- 
nent a sun-god if he represented the sun in the 
under-world? The question is solved by putting 
the sun beyond the canopy, out of sight and 
hidden on high, not in the under-world. Varuna 
could be a sun-regent with the solar, orb in the 
upper world and hidden from its going to its re- 
turn. Then Varuna had to shine as a substitute 
of the sun, and to make him a regent of the sun 
in the night is an absurdity. The sun's conceal- 
ment in the upper heaven was readily mistaken by 
eminent scholars for his setting. It is a mistake 
pregnant with abundant error. 

When the ''churning" brought on the change in 
the agitated deep, Varuna was no longer a shiner, 
but Mitra came as the ^'new born sun/' This 
appearance of Mitra from his concealment in the 
upper heavens was mistaken for his rise from the 
underworld. The fact that Varuna lost his power 
as Mitra came forth, ought to settle this problem. 

The etymologists tell us that in the name Va- 

38 



runa the root var means ''water/' and we learn 
the important truth that Varuna was a watery 
heaven, and a shining one, too, and for this very- 
reason he had to be a coverer, and a sun-regent, 
and here the canopy flashes into view. All Vedic 
scholars will admit that the sun as a power is 
always made a subaltern in early Hindu thought. 
It is "Varuna regent of Surya,'' — a substitute for 
the hidden sun, and is constantly made to divide 
his glory and authority with the covering Varuna, 
and we cannot fail to see that the Vedic heaven 
was one that had to pass away, as that of Japan. 
True, the Vedas do not say in so many words 
that the heavens passed away. Yet from Muir's 
Sanscrit Texts I learn that the idea of the ancient 
union and subsequent separation of Heaven and 
Earth is to be found in the Aitareya-brahmana. 
These ancient books plainly tell us, however, a 
great many facts which necessarily prove that the 
Hindu ancient heaven did pass away. They tell 
us that in course of time Vanina ceased to be the 
''Regent of the Sitn/' and Mitra, a nezv luminary, 
took his place. They tell us the gods churned 
the deep, that is, the primordial vapors, and 
"brought forth the beverage that produced im- 
m.ortality;" and they tell us further that this 
churning brought forth the heavenly bodies, as 
the sun, moon, and stars. In other words, the 

39 



perpetual movement of the celestial waters 
brought these bodies forth as immortals. Dur- 
ing canopy times everything pertaining to the 
canopy was temporal, ephemeral, mortal, and il- 
lusory. The movement, or churning of the can- 
opy, carried it out of existence ; and this was what 
brought in permanent and eternal scenes. So 
long as the canopy lasted the gods were essen- 
tially partakers of the beverage of mortality, 
since it led to the death of old conditions. At the 
very time, however, the celestial vapors passed 
from sight, all the gods, all nature, began to par- 
take of the immortals' beverage, which -they must 
ever continue to do, an unending scene of change 
which now obtains — no heavens fall now. 

This churning of the primordial waters is a 
most prominent feature in the later Vedas, and it 
seems no explanation hitherto is satisfying. If it 
brought forth immortality in place of mortality, 
and the heavenly bodies were products of that 
churning, then a new and immortal heaven came 
forth as a successor of a departing heaven, and 
we cannot escape the conclusion that the genius 
of Hindu fossil thought affirms the ancient union 
and subsequent separation of Heaven and Earth, 
the very same thing we find in the night of Japa- 
nese thought. 

I find the same fossil witnesses everywhere 
40 



present in the hoary records of China, Earth in 
Heaven's embrace and their final separation. If 
we have not here the passing of canopies, what 
can it be? 

It makes no difference whether these ancient 
memorials take us back to antediluvian or to post- 
diluvian times, they affirm with invincible effici- 
ency the reign and fall of canopies, at the very 
time they are needed to aid the bible student in his 
bewilderment. The thinker cannot fail to notice 
how all these witnesses hold the strictest recip- 
rocal relationship to the main question of canopial 
possibilities. This peculiar relationship and dove- 
tailing of testimony constitute the Annular stu- 
dent's Gibraltar, and we might as well admit his 
claims here and now, for in the end we will have 
to do so. I do not see how any one competent 
to use the philosopher's scales can do otherwise. 
The Veda tells us when Varuna ceased to be the 
regent of the sun he became the ''regent of the 
waters." In course of time man learned that the 
sunlit and shining canopy was not the sun or true 
source of light, but the source of waters, and all 
this is readily understood when we reflect that 
during a canopy age it could not rain, or at least 
all such rains as we now have were reduced to 
minima. 



41 



•The Ancient '^^^ Pelasgian Greeks had an 

Greek Heaven an ancient deity whom the> 
called Oiiranos, and all men know that this name 
is simply ''Heaven/' Now the word-doctors tell 
us that the name has the same Sanscrit element 
vari w^hich means "water," and which is found in 
Varuna. In short, the nam.e makes the ancient 
Greek Heaven a watery or vapory expanse, for we 
cannot concede that Heaven or Ouranos could be 
otherwise linked with the watery element, and 
we find in the very birth time of Grecian annals 
the same water heaven which Japan, China, and 
India had. It begins to look a little suspicious 
to find that so large a part of the human family 
should have the very idea of w^ater in their word 
"heaven." 

But if the Greek heaven v/as a vapor one, we 
know it must have been an ephemeral one. We 
know it must have been very close to the Earth, 
and that it must have passed avv^ay, and I count it 
the most overwhelming proof of an antediluvian 
canopy w^hen the old Greek fossil thought tells 
me that Ouranos was banished from his throne 
and power by old Kronos, his son and successor, 
the God of time. It also tells us, as we find in 
Hesiod, that old Heaven came from some place 
afar to embrace mother Gae, ''Mother Earth'' and 
"lay close about her on all sides round.'' If we 

42 



have not a Japanese heaven here, what can it be ? 
This primitive union of Father Heaven and 
Mother Earth is a most prominent feature of the 
ancient annals of Greece, and our inexpUcable 
dullness is the only reason we have not caught 
the meaning. 

The most primitive Greek annals tell us that 
when Ouranos sat on the celestial throne he was 
warned by Themis, the goddess of ancient order, 
that he ''would one day lose his empire and be 
banished by his youngest son/' They also state 
that Ouranos, in order to prevent the fulfilment 
of this prophecy, ''drove his sons out of the skies, 
back into the womb of Earth/' Now how are w 
to interpret this without canopy aid ? Themis was 
the spirit of the ancient trend of events, and we 
can in no way avoid the conclusion that the 
Pelasgian Greeks knew their heaven would pass 
away, for it was the irrevocable decree of Super- 
nal Nature. From the same old thought record 
we learn that notwithstanding Heaven's precau- 
tion, to prevent the fulfilment of the prophecy of 
Themis, he actually did lose his. throne and was 
driven from power by his son Kronos. What ! 
Heaven exiled! If that was not an ephemeral 
vapor heaven, pray tell us what it was. Kronos, 
the time giver, or the time measurer, took the 
throne of Heaven and ruled the world in his 

43 



stead. Did men not measure time before ? How 
could they if the sun shone through the medium 
of a great world-cloud such as the planet Jupiter 
has to-day? No one could tell the time the sun 
rose or set, and those old annals tell us the Horae 
or hours were not born till after Heaven was 
dethroned. Hyperion was the name of the light- 
giver of the Ouranian period, but these thought 
fossils tell us that Helios, the Greek Sun, zvas 
horn as a light-giver after Heaven was exiled. 
This is a momentous statement. 

Here is a co-linking or dovetailing of testi- 
mony that must eventually shake '^well established 
facts,'' and lift old foundations. We find an old 
light-giver pass and a new one born as his suc- 
cessor, because an old heaven is succeeded by a 
new one. An old heaven is banished, a time- 
measuring heaven takes the throne, and the hours 
are born. Then again these old Pelasgic records 
tell us that Zeus, the rain-maker and thunderer, 
as the son of Kronos, was born after the old 
heaven passed away. Now it does not require 
very deep thinking to see that rains and tempests 
and thunder could not occur prominently during 
the existence of a vapor heaven, but must have 
come as a part of the new order, when the new 
heaven and the new sun came into power. The 
sun must shine directly on the earth to keep up the 

44 



eternal movement of aerial currents, upon which 
all atmospheric phenomena depend. A great vol- 
ume might be penned here as the testimony of the 
immortal witnesses speaking from these ancient 
records, but I have culled enough of them from 
the old Greek arcanum, and we must pass on to 
Latin Rome. 

The Roman ^ know that men have indicted 

Heaven the Latins as "borrow^ers of 

the Greeks,'' but they are innocent of the charge. 
The ancient Romans had their ozmi heaven, and 
all the erudition the old school can throw into line 
cannot make it appear that any people or tongue 
would worship exotic gods. Rome's heavenly 
canopy was Japan's ephemeral heaven, and each 
people and every people worshipped it as a god, 
or a manifestation of God. Rom.e's heaven was 
called Coelum, impersonated by their most archaic 
deity Coehis. 

Classic students are well aware of the fact that 
this Latin Coelus, heaven, was banished from 
power, just as the Greek canopy was. Saturn 
took celestial command and established a new or- 
der between Heaven and Earth. Jupiter fulgens 
et tonans et pluvius was god of lightning, thun- 
der and rain, and was born of this new order. 
Why have we never heard of the thundering 
Coelus, or the thundering Saturn? Because it 



was not and could not be an element of the an- 
cient order, as it was of the new. The Latin rec- 
ords say that this revolution in the celestial 
dynasty of gods was foretold by Lazi^', or order of 
Nature. How could it have been otherwise ? 

Parallel with the Latin Coelum runs the archaic 
word Celo, to conceal or hide, to cut off from 
view, as a ceiling hides the realm above. Hence 
the Latin Coelum seems to have in its elementary 
meaning the idea of concealment. An idea that 
could not have originated wath any primitive peo- 
ple with such a heaven as we have to-day. Coelum 
and Celo, I am persuaded, run back to the same 
original celestial root, and here we have the in- 
timation that the world's vapor heaven was hu- 
manity's primitive zwrd-teacher. 

The testimony of fossil thought thus far, we 
miay say with fullest confidence, establishes the 
fact that the heaven of infant man was an ephe- 
meral vapor expanse that hid the true heaven, 
and with it the true sun, moon and stars. We 
find that the time giver came after the first 
heaven passed away, and the Horae, or hours, 
and the gods of rain and storm and thunder 
came at a later period. We all know that the 
thunderer was and is a character of the true sky, 
and when we find such a character born after 
an old heaven was banished, we are forced to ad- 

46 



mit a succession of heavens, and there is no pos- 
sible escape from the reign and fall of canopies. 
Away back in Hindu thought we find that Indra, 
the rain and thunder god, came after Varuna 
ceased to be "regent of the sun,'' and Mitra, the 
true sun, came into the heaven ; and in every 
race and people where we find the birth of the 
thunderer as a successor of a dethroned or de- 
parted parent, we may rest assured that that par- 
ent was a watery heaven — a vapor canopy, and 
a riood-source, 

I might go on thus through the ancient litera- 
ture of China, Persia, Egypt, and up among the 
ancient Kelts, Teutons and Scandinavians, and 
back into ancient Mexico, Yucatan and Peru, and 
everywhere we will find the old water heaven, 
once in absolute control ; and then exiled or 
forced to yield to a successor. We will find the 
ancient heaven represented as a screen. We will 
find the sun concealed ; — a slave or subaltern to an 
overmastering power ; you will find the sun finally 
exalted through elemental conflict with Titan and 
Giant vapor — or tempest enemies, into immor- 
tality. Ephemeral powers we will find elevated 
to eternal and supernal positions, and all a grand 
physical sequence of the movement of fire-born 
vapors sent to the skies in the molten era. 

I cannot now use the time and space to show 

47 



how the Chinese annals prove that a vapor heaven 
was their great world-master and worshipped as 
a god. I cannot follow the winding of the Aves- 
tan literature where vapor skies and solar forces 
are ever in evidence as militant foes. The va- 
pors at first in supreme control, holding Mithra, 
the old Parsii sun, as a subordinate power in the 
background, were finally subdued by the ever 
aggressive forces of light. Then, too, there is 
Amen Ra of the Nile, whose very name means 
the ''concealed sun/' Why did the demonstra- 
tive Egyptians put a concealed sun in their pan- 
theon? Then there was Canopns (so like our 
canopy), whose symbols were the serpent and 
the zmter jar, who put out the solar fires, so the 
legend goes, by pouring out a flood of water 
through holes in his body. Typhon, also, was a 
watery dragon v/ho hid Osiris, the sun, and scat- 
tered the members of his multilated body all over 
the heavens. Endless is the fund of such canopy 
memorials, and to follow them would take me 
far afield. 

Scandinavian We have seen how the world 
Thought canopy moved toward the 

poles. Because they moved thither they lingered 
there longest and last and hence the northern 
races knew their firmament hidden from view 
long after the Greek and Roman saw the new 

48 



heaven and the new order. I believe it was K. 
O. Miiller who first called attention to the strange 
fact that in the oldest northern annals there is 
an extreme dearth of astronomical thought, and 
delving into the old fossil beds of the Sagas I 
have not been able to find the faintest allusion to 
a constellation nor to any of the prominent stars 
so constantly found in the earlier thought of the 
southern peoples. What can explain it? It 
means that the northern asterisms were unknown 
to northern eyes, while they were seen by the 
races of southern Europe. This brings Odin, 
worshipped as a god, in immediate contact with 
the lingering vapors of the northworld, and the 
Scandinavian heaven. I call this god, the Scan- 
dinavian heaven, because, as all northern schol- 
ars know, he was the forerunner and parent of 
the thunder-god Thor, Because he sat in the 
''zmrld-tree^' which overspread the heaven; be- 
cause there are innumerable witnesses which 
prove that he was an ephemeral covering that 
concealed the sun, moon and stars. Because in 
the great winding up of canopy scenes, the north- 
ern records tell us the solar forces fought vapor 
foes on the Bifrost bridge and in the midst of 
the conflict the bridge broke down, ''the heaven 
was rent in twain, and the sons of Mtispel came 
riding throtigh the opening in brilliant array.'' 

49 



Through the opening the record says ''Surt came 
first, and before and behind him flamed burning 
fire/' Now Muspel was the sun-Ht skies of the 
south, and the sons of Muspel were the sun and 
the other heavenly bodies, and Surt is a well- 
known name for the sun, and the legend says 
as he came through the heavenly opening ''he 
filing are and flame over the world!' 

This great conflict was that which at other 
times was waged between the vapor Titans and 
solar forces of the south and which always ended 
in the installation of the thunderer into perpetual 
dominion and thus it ended in the northworld ; 
for, although the Eddas state that in Thor's last 
combat with the great Mid gar d Serpent, the gen- 
ius of the celestial deep that engirdled the world, 
the master was slain by him, he also fell, over- 
whelmed by the serpent's flood, yet his thunder 
went as a perpetual ''legacy to Tho/s son's/' 
Mode and Mogue, and the Eddas say the flames 
of Surt, the sun, completed the overthrow of the 
gods, and his forces swallowed up Odin. In 
other words, as Odin, the ephemeral heaven, 
passed away the true sun arose to power. 

Men may call these memorials but echoes from 
the darkness of mythology, but I do not care 
how dark the night from which they come, it 
cannot detract from nor impair their testimony 

50 



as canopy witnesses. As echoes we may run 
them back into the very midnight of antiquity 
and they will be witnesses still of falling heavens 
and renovated skies. I have been told again and 
again that the canopy idea is weak because it is 
founded on mythology. I can only protest that 
it is not founded on mythology, on the contrary 
mythology is largely founded on the canopy, fos- 
silized in human thought. The canopy as a 
watery heaven close to the earth existed for un- 
told millions of years before a myth ever ger- 
minated. The myth as a memorial took root in 
the canopy's fertile seed-bed and grew in canopy 
soil, and the myth would not exist to-day if the 
canopy had not existed first. 

The canopy theory is strong because the mythic 
growth has arisen from the ashes of an old en- 
vironment, — and the myth thus explained is no 
longer a myth but an eternal witness of truth. 
Now what in the name of reason is the myth of 
temporary heavens rooted in if not m the canopy ? 
The Serpent The serpent of all mythology 

or Dragon must take its place as the 

spirit of the v/aters and especially of upper 
waters. The Dragon of all peoples and times is 
but another name for the vapor genius or guard- 
ian. Canopus of Egypt was a serpent or dragon 
deity. Vishnu, in India, floated on the celestial 

51 



deep, on the folds of the serpent. Typhon was 
a serpent and hid Osiris in a vapor heaven. 
QuetzalcoatI, the mythic dragon of Mexico, was 
a celestial water spirit, for the name means the 
''bird serpent/^ The serpent or dragon is repre- 
sented frequently as a monster swallowing the 
sun. I have in my possession a cast of a tablet 
found in a cliff-house of southern Colorado which 
represents the serpent in the act of swallowing the 
sun. For these and many other reasons I am 
compelled to look upon the serpent and dragon 
of all peoples as the world's emblem for the wa- 
ters which primitive man saw revolving as a 
Jupiter-like canopy around the earth. The bands, 
belts, and strise of a canopy, from their very form 
and movement, must have forcibly reminded the 
primitive observer of the form and motion of a 
floating serpent ; and for this very reason the 
canopy was certainly symbolized by the serpent 
or dragon. 

The Inevitable ^ ^^i^^ I have given the most 
Result cogent reasons for assuming 

that primitive man saw some of the last rem- 
nants of the Earth's Anmilar System, and that he 
lived for unknown time on the earth when the 
true sky, sun, moon and stars were concealed 
from view by a fund of waters that revolved 
about the earth, and which spread as a canopy 

52 



from the equator to the poles in its effort to fall. 
I think, after having spent nearly a quarter of a 
century in a rigid examination of old world 
thought in almost every land, that there can be 
no two ways about it, that lingering remnants 
of the same vapors that went to the skies from 
the molten earth, and which fell in grand install- 
ments along the flood of time and actually made 
the ages ; dropped the snow avalanches of all the 
ice periods ; made all the floods of geologic time ; 
again and again invested the earth in tropic 
growth; and finally caught the Arctic mammoth 
with a sudden snowfall of immeasurable and in- 
conceivable proportions, continued their masterly 
control of heaven and earth for thousands of 
years after man came upon the scene. Who will 
dare to claim that humanity^s primitive heavens 
could not have a watery or vapory fund of Arch- 
aean exhalations competent to make a diluvian 
period of many times forty days and nights? 

Oceanic Something has deepened the 

Augmentation waters of the ocean the whole 
world round in a most recent period. It is vain 
to attempt to escape the conclusion which the 
ocean forces upon us as it rolls its devouring wa- 
ters through inlets and straights and up the river 
deltas of the entire earth. The whole ocean shore, 
so far as the lead and line have explored, asserts, 

53 



and must assert forever, that an old ocean's 
rim is to-day submerged. Are we to admit the 
manifest impossibility that this ancient coast line 
of the world has everywhere subsided? When 
did the German ocean secure its modern domain ? 
When did the river-made channels of the east 
Atlantic bed sink to their present level? When 
did the old continent of the mid- Pacific, as shown 
by coral formations and the submicrged remains 
of an ancient civilization, sink into abyssal depths ? 
Has the entire ocean bed sunk? If it has done 
so then the fact that the coast line has not re- 
tired and drained its thousands of inlets and 
straits belies the fact. The fact that we have to- 
day continents of polar ice, made by supra-aerial 
snows, and that ice continents have melted away 
again and again, justifies the thought that in- 
stead of the universal sinking of the ocean's bed 
to such an incredible extent it must have increased 
its volume to a vast extent since the ''ages'' began 
their tread. 

It has been calculated that if the mountains 
and hills were carried to the sea and the earth 
leveled down to a perfect sphere, the oceans 
would cover the whole planet at least fifteen 
thousand feet deep. There is, then, enough wa- 
ter now on the globe, every drop of which has 
fallen as fire-formed waters from the lofty skies, 

54 



to have made one thousand deluges, each suffi- 
cient to cover the whole earth fifteen feet deep ; 
or one hundred, each one of which would cover it 
one hundred and fifty feet deep. At this stage 
of the inquiry a man is out of order to doubt 
that such deluges have occurred repeatedly, and 
with the present shore line of the oceans in evi- 
dence, as I see it, to doubt that some such vast 
downfall of tellurio-cosmic waters has occurred 
in very modern times, puts geological credit un- 
der a cloud. 

A rainfall of fifteen feet in the space of forty 
days, in any part of the world to-day, would 
cause such a desolation that it would never pass 
from the memory of man; and such a cataclysm 
occurring in the childhood of the human family 
would have been philosophically and essentially 
competent to give rise to every feature which 
time has stamped in the fossil-beds of thought. 
We are now prepared to look more critically into 
some of the legendary history of a deluge, which 
has sent its echoes down from a most hoary 
antiquity. 

The Hebrew ^^ ^^^ canopy theory be true, 

Skies and it would seem that it must 

be true from the wonderful array of dovetailing 
testimony in the foregoing inquiry, then all an- 
cient peoples during some period of their exist- 

55 



ence saw the same vapor firmament. As Rings 
must have poised for ages high in the equatorial 
heavens, and as a grand source of frozen vapors, 
they continued, as long as they existed there to 
yield section after section in their progressive 
decline, to the atmosphere which checked it in its 
downward motion, and still pushing on from 
above inevitably became an equatorial belt and 
finally a canopy, in its efforts to fall. Thus can- 
opies came again and again, and as long as they 
floated on high they were the only source of all 
rains. Frozen vapors floating as an independent 
fund of revolving matter in the very outskirts of 
attenuated air became all competent to load the 
atmosphere with moisture, and all this gradually 
descending into the lower air, gave proof by its 
actual presence and movement, that the heaven 
of primitive man was a mater source. 

It is a well-known fact that the races of men in 
the different parts of the earth have left records 
that point unmistakably to the skies as a source 
of maters. Where were the ''ocean sources^' of 
the Greeks? At those ''sources'' of waters the 
flying steed Pegasus was born, a celestial steed. 
He carried his rider Belerus in his fight with 
the Chimera, a celestial vapor monster, and was 
afterwards placed as a heavenly constellation. 

These thoughts prepare us to believe that there 

56 



is a vast amount of ancient literature which has 
been greatly misunderstood simply because the 
old environment that gave birth to the great mass 
of primitive thought is a lost and forgotten one. 
Plainly the ancient Hebrews had the same heaven 
that the ancient Greeks, Hindus^ and Japanese 
had. If the latter had a water heaven so had 
the former, and it now falls fittingly in place 
to examine some of the old Hebrew records. 
The Shamayim The very first sentence of the 
of Heaven first chapter of Genesis says : 

''In the beginning the Elohim created the Heavens 
and the Earth/' and again we are told in the 
fifth and sixth verses that the Elohim made an 
expanse, or firmament, and ''called the firmament 
Heaven,'' and placed it ''in the midst of the 
wuters/' 1 presume a person of the most ordi- 
nary mental calibre can see the true celestial 
status here, so plainly set forth. The heaven of 
the Hebrews was placed "in the midst of the 
waters," and we may rest assured that we have 
now to deal with the same waters that concealed 
the sun of all the oriental races, and if the latter 
was a heaven exiled from power, then the former 
followed the same inexorable decree of fate and 
eventually fell from its celestial mooring, and we 
will hear of it later on. 

Again in the seventh verse we find an addi- 

57 



tional fossil thought of inestimable value, where 
we are told that the Elohim made a firmamient or 
heaven and divided the waters above from the 
zmters below. As there is no mistaking the loca- 
tion of these fLpper zmters, we are driven to con- 
clude that we are henceforth to build a Hebrew 
cosmogony on the rock of Canopy World Evolu- 
tion. But as if some unseen power had planned the 
scheme, we are told in the eighth verse that the 
Elohim called the firmament Shamayim (Heav- 
en). Now the word Shamayim means simply 
''there waters/' Thus w^e are told that the heaven 
was not only placed in the midst of the waters^ 
and that there were zvaters above and zmters 
below, but as if to fortify and clinch immortal 
testimony, we are simply told that God called the 
firmament or heaven ''there zmters/' In other 
words the Hebrew^s had the same ephem.eral or 
vapor heaven that all other races had; and the 
Mosaic cosmology in its very beginning, in terms 
that cannot be misunderstood, predicates over and 
over that a Deluge must come, and it will come 
as sure as Law presides at the world's helm. 
"Waters above the ^^ ^^^^^ point of the inquiry 
Firmament" the philosopher says: If 

there were waters above the firmament, what kept 
them there ? They could not stay in the heavens 
any more than a ball or a stone, unless they re- 

58 



volved about the earth ; and the Earth's Revolv- 
ing Annular System and its inevitable revolving 
canopy come before us as a proclamation from the 
Hebrew skies^ and it seems almost impossible that 
the evidence from this old store of human thought 
will not shake the old geology to its lowest stone. 
The waters above the Hebrew firmament as a 
matter of necessity concealed the true heaven and 
the heavenly bodies, just as we have seen among 
the contemporary races, and if such be the case 
we cannot expect to find the Hebrew true sky 
or true sun or moon mentioned among these an- 
cient fossils. I know it is customary for Bible 
students to conclude that these bodies are re- 
ferred to by the words or and maorim, (''light'' 
and ''lights''), in Genesis. But the thought, as 
I see it, is wholly untenable, for these words can- 
not be translated sun, or suns, nor by any way 
made to mean anything but light. Nor is there 
to be found in these ancient, antediluvian annals 
a word that can be translated sun, or moon, and 
this simple fact is made to so buttress the canopy 
theory that it stands before us a fortress of in- 
vincible strength. If the heavenly bodies were 
seen how did it ever happen that such prominent 
objects as the sun and moon were not named, and 
even if referred to by the word light, why were 
they kept so far in the background? The most 

59 



prominent objects in our firmament to-day by all 
means were the most prominent in the cradle time 
of man, if they were not hidden. As I see it, it 
is a most inexplicable enigma, without canopy aid, 
that this subordination of the sun, instead of its 
exaltation, is universal in ancient thought. Sun 
and moon are silent characters in ancient biblical 
thought until after the flood, and even then 
Shemicsh, translated ''sun,'' does not mean sun 
but the ''strength'' or 'light of the sun.'' Show- 
ing that long before the true sun was seen the 
canopy was the Hebrew sun, and that men knew 
that canopy to be the regent of the sun. When 
the true sun came into power it was very natural 
that it took as a light-giver the name of the 
shining canopy. In the light which thus dawns 
upon us it is very plain to my mind that Shem 
was the name of the true sun and Shemesh must 
be "servant" or ''regent of the sun/' Plainly it 
is the name of some stronger body in the back- 
ground, and the same may be said of the moon, 
for neither of these luminaries is given a name 
in biblical thought until after the flood ; until after 
the watery heavens fell, which was the proper 
time for the sun and the moon to appear. 

He Made the ^^ ^^^ canopy moved toward 

Stars Also the poles to fall there, the 

true sky must have been made bare. The simple 

60 



fact that the falling of a canopy carried it polar- 
ward, and ended its career as it moved thither, 
and the additional fact that such vapors could not 
stay in the polar sky any more than a stone, we 
must conclude that during the great part of all 
canopy times the stars looked down through a 
vast opening in the polar skies. Now is it not 
remarkable that the ''stars'' should be mentioned 
here in the first chapter of Genesis, while the sun 
and moon, incalculably more prominent objects 
in the heaven, are not mentioned? The simple 
fact that the stars are mentioned proves that they 
were seen, and shows that the more commanding 
and prominent sun and moon would also have 
been mentioned had they been seen ; and the 
whole testimony dovetails and weaves itself into 
a network of proof that the infant race of Hebrew 
thought lived under a vapory heaven. 

The philosophic student will 
The Great Lights i i .1 • 

ask why there is so conspicu- 
ous a comparison of ''tw^o great lights'' made in 
Genesis. Plainly the canopy was a great light 
because it was to all mankind a sun as large as 
the big round sky. We are forced to recognize 
the fact that the sun beyond the canopy was pour- 
ing its brilliance into attenuated vapors which 
converted them universally into a shining glory. 
This universal dififusion of light into half the 

61 



whole vapor heaven sent its permeating beams 
into the other half and made it a modified great 
shiner also. Let us remember that this sunlit 
canopy was forever rising and setting. The 
philosophic thinker knows very well that light 
permeating a vapor mass, as a world cloud, must 
illuminate the whole of it. The light of the sun- 
lit half of a cloud is carried by general diffusion 
into the other half. So that while the sun was in 
the upper heaven the day canopy must have been 
a radiant expanse, and when the sun retired to 
. the under world and the night canopy came 
upon the scene, it was also an illuminator — a 
moon as large as the big sky. At midnight the 
vapors in the eastern and western horizon shone 
as shining columns of flame, so that night must 
have been illuminated as by a thousand moons. 
There was, in fact, no actual night as we see it 
now, and darkness maist have been a mere pass- 
ing shadow. Though it must be admitted there 
may have been bands of blackness arching the 
heavens, such as we see in the great canopies of 
both Jupiter and Saturn, which to follow now 
would carry us afar. 

This same intimation I find all through the 
mythic annals of the race — a time when night 
was but a modified day, and we shall see later 
that true night of biblical thought did not alter- 
nate with true day until after the flood. 

62 



The Polar Sky ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ P^^^^ 
Opeoing heavens must have been clear 

much of the time during canopy periods. This 
is abundantly proved by the hoary witnesses 
found everywhere among the ancient records. 
The ancient thought of the Greeks shows us an 
Aster ie or star island once floating in the heavens, 
and legend affirms it fell from the skies and be- 
came fixed by the command of Jove, the Greek 
rain and thunder god, in order that Apollo, a 
boreal sun, might be horn, Roman thought pre- 
sents us with the Clarion Isle, or the ''Clear 
place.'' Then there is the Isle of the Blessed— 
the Isle of Hesperus, and Job's Isle of the Inno- 
cent. In short, we find intimations innumerable, 
almost, among the various ancient peoples, and it 
would require a volume to elucidate the fact that 
all these islands were one and the same sacred 
Isle of Stars, an actual window in the skies and 
always located in the north. This northern sky- 
hole, because it was the one source through which 
the race obtained knowledge of the outer world, 
was called the source of knozvledge. Again and 
again we find for it the most significant nam^es. 
In Greece the name Asterope or ''star opening'' 
was applied to it. Even in the far north, the 
Scandinavians called it Mimer's Well or Hole, 
the "fountain of knowledge." Legends say that 

63 



Odin, the father of Thor the Thunderer and 
therefore a canopy, went to this holy place to 
get wisdom to obtain which he had to leave his 
eye there. In fact, this opening in the canopy was 
called the ''Eye of Heaven'' by many peoples, to 
show which would stretch this inquiry to great 
length. Every canopy that went to the north 
would become, in after times, a personality march- 
ing to the sky-hole as a source of wisdom ; and 
every such canopy or personality, to obtain that 
wisdom, had to leave an "Eye'' there, an opening 
through which all beholders secured information 
from the outer universe. 

One most significant memorial of this polar 
opening is the fact that the apostate Jews wor- 
shipped it as a Supernal deity under the name 
of Baal or Bel Peor. Now all Oriental scholars 
know that Bel or Baal represents a shining or 
sun-character, and Peor is an ''opening" or a 
''hole," and we now understand why the wor- 
shippers of Bel Peor, the "shining hole," congre- 
gated on the north side of the temple and pros- 
trated themselves before a "hole in the wall" as 
an "image" of their deity. (See Ezekiel 8:7.) 
An image of what? Of that Supernal Hole, 
which all men saw as the entrance into the divine 
Penetralia. The Holy of Holies in the primitive 
templum, as the infant race conceived. But I am 
compelled to cut this endless collateral short. 

64 



All these things testify that 
The Eden Earth ^j^^ Hebrew heaven Sha- 

mayiiJi ''there waters," was a shining ephemeral 
canopy. The opening and the "stars" afiirm a 
falling heaven. But we will have to concede that 
such a canopy made a garden earth, a greenhouse 
world; just as we have seen other canopies make 
tropic conditions in geologic times. Is it at all 
strange, then, that in these ancient annals w^e 
find the most positive memorials of an Eden clime, 
which, reciprocating, affirms a canopy, and a 
tropic environm.ent for man and beast? It tells 
us that man dwelt naked in Eden. Then the earth 
where he lived was warm. What made it warm ? 
Or, are we to join the attack on primitive fossil 
testimony and cry "myth" ? What if it is a myth ? 
Are w^e to close our eyes and our ears to the 
testimony of a vapor heaven imperatively de- 
manding entrance into court? A myth explained 
is no longer a myth, and all opposing collusion 
cannot disqualify the witness. We must let it 
speak of an Eden world, just as the fossil mam- 
moth of the Arctic ice-w^orld speaks of the can- 
.opy's reign and fall, and the reign of ice. 

Then, too, this mythic fossil witness tells us 
that in course of time man was deprived of his 
tropic garden. So does the mammoth speak it. 
from the night of time. I care not whether man 

65 



was driven from Eden, or Eden was transformed 
by a polar avalanche of snow. I know if a canopy 
was the shining heaven of primitive man, as 
testimony proves, he lived in an Eden clime, and 
he had to get into it in obedience to the decree of 
inexorable fate. Then, too, he had to get out 
of it because it got cold, and on his expulsion 
from a warm world to a cold one naked man 
had to be clothed. What character of myth, then, 
is that which tells us that when man was driven 
from Eden he had to be clothed in ''coats of 
skin'' ? Myth or no myth, the jury takes the testi- 
mony that man went out of a zvann Eden into a 
cold world, and this again predicates a falling 
canopy. Eden demands a canopy. Canopies de- 
mand cold in the end, and ''coats of skins.'' 
Why this dovetailing testimony? (See Gen. 
3:21.) 

Such reciprocating memorials are scattered all 
through the antediluvian narratives. I have so 
fully explained many of these in my Eden's 
Flaming Sword, that I need not repeat the ex- 
planation here. 

The fact of a vapor heaven 

A Rainless World j^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ f^^jj^ established 

that I need not look for more evidence to prove 
it, but as it lies all along our pathway we will 
simply pick up a few memorials, as interesting 

66 



curios, and hold them as a reserve testimony ir 
case of need. I have said it could not rain in a 
canopied world. The sun must shine on the 
earth's surface to produce air currents, winds 
and tempests. Rains cannot fall as they do now 
unless air currents flow and commingle. 

During all canopy times, then, we must look 
for an upper source of moisture, as well as a 
lower, for the world of life and bloom. The 
search is not long. The vast heaven above was a 
bottomless deep of waters, and the earth below 
had been the tame recipient of celestial moisture 
and measureless canopy rainfalls for time un- 
bounded. It is a philosophic certainty that both 
the terrestrial water and the heavenly ocean 
contributed to saturate and freight the atmo- 
sphere with incalculable tons of moisture by inti- 
mate contact with both sources. To-day during 
the absence of the sun in the under-world this 
atmospheric m^oisture settles as dew on the earth 
simply because the air grows cooler at night. 
During all canopy times the solar heat during the 
day passed as a diffused ocean of caloric into the 
canopy, and largely through this great vapory lens 
into the atmospheric. As is well known, the warm 
atmosphere is perpetually absorbing moisture 
from every available source, thus loading itself 
with water, only to give it back as refreshing 

67 



dews. The canopied atmosphere thus gently and 
universally warmed in its upper half unavoid- 
ably gave rise to a daily upward movem^ent of 
vapor-laden air during the warm part of the day, 
and a downward movement of mist in the cool 
part of the day. (We cannot call it night.) The 
alternation of the "bright day and the darker 
day/^ as the Vedas put it, was simply the alterna- 
tion of the warm and cool part of the day ; and 
view it as we may, w^e are forced to concede that 
one part was characterized by rising moisture (it 
may have been rising visible fog or vapors) and 
the other by its deposition. 

It is interesting indeed to come across this gem 
of a fossil on our v/ay from the ''Garden to the 
Flood" : 'Tor the Lord God had not caused it to 
rain upon the earth but there went up a mist from 
the earth to water the w^hole face of the ground," 
i. e., the wdiole world. (Gen. 2:5, 6.) There is 
nO' mistaking the grand intent of this golden me- 
morial. If there ever vv^as a time when it did not 
rain on the earth as it does to-day, then the sun 
did not shine directly upon its surface as it does 
to-day ; and v/e are forced back to the rock of the 
canopy theory, which presents that orb as a con- 
cealed subaltern; and we know if such was the 
condition of that central dynamo of the solar sys- 
tem during the cradle time of man, it zcas an age 
of rising and falling mists. 

68 



Why did tlie ancient penman link the rain- 
less age with rising and falHng mists? Simply 
because the conditions existing necessitated it. 

Suppose the penman had said there was neither 
rain nor dew. It would have blocked all further 
progress of the canopy student, for it would have 
been a most stubborn witness against the theory. 
Plainly if there was no rain there was a con- 
cealed sun and a concealing canopy ; and if there 
was a canopy there could be no true atmospheric 
rains, and there had to be an age of mist. Thus 
the block is on the other man's path. How did it 
ever occur that the penman in stating the fact of a 
rainless period added the necessary and inevitable 
coincident fact, that that period vv as one of mists ? 
Did accident bring these two witnesses into har- 
mony and link them as one to the great chain 
of canopy evidence? A rainless earth is simply 
out of place in philosophic thought without a 
physical cause, operating against present solar 
conditions, and man would not have related the 
fact if it had not come down as part of the actual 
history of a hoar}^ antiquity. It is out of place 
in the absence of a watery heaven as its physical 
cause. It was a necessary accompaniment of 
Edenic life, and both by their remarkable asso- 
ciation with the ''heaven placed in the midst of 
the waters," makes the Hebrew Shamayim the 

69 



same as the ephemeral Ouranos of the Greeks ; 
and this being the case, the ancient Hebrew heaven 
must have fallen just as the vapor heaven of 
every other people. It was as inevitable as the 
turning of the sphere. 

Change of ^^ examination into the an- 

Deity Names cient annals of every people 
shows the remarkable fact that the name of a peo- 
ple's celestial deity always changed with the evo- 
lution of skies. In Greek thought the oldest deity 
name after Chaos (space), was Ouranos. This 
heaven retired and the name Kronos came as the 
name of a time-giving heaven; later, and finally, 
came Zeus, the name of the true sky or the God 
manifested in the true sky — the rain-god and 
thunderer, the third deity name in the celestial 
dynasty. The Roman god name was first Coelus, 
second Saturn, and third Jupiter, the rain and 
thunder god. Scandinavia's primitive deity was 
named Bor. Odin succeeded him as the second 
heavenly deity, and the third in order was the 
rain and thunder god Thor, and thus on through 
the world's pantheon the rain and thunder god 
always comes as the third in the succession of 
heavens, and the power manifested therein. This 
fact is remarkably prominent in the succession of 
Hebrew skies. First the deity manifested on the 
watery heaven, the shining deep, was called Elo- 

70 



him, a plural name and translated God. Then 
came J ehovah-Elohim of the second chapter of 
Genesis, and this second deity name translated 
Lord God is the name representing Deistic might 
in the true heaven allied with the mater-heaven 
and it represents the very same power and condi- 
tion which Kronos of Greece and Saturn of Italia 
do, i. e., the Deity manifested to the whole earth 
by a second heaven, a vapor heaven so thin that 
time was susceptible of measurement. 

We know that the Greek Kronos and the Latin 
Saturn were the same deity of the Golden Age, 
or Eden time of Greece and Rome, 'Svhen men did 
not grow prematurely old," and we know, too, 
that Jehovah Elohim was the God of the Biblical 
Eden, where immortality reigned. Then, too, we 
are told as time rolled on and the Edenic heaven 
began to wind up its career that "then men began 
to call upon the name of Jehovah.'' (Gen. 4:26) 
The Lord. Any one can see that this statement 
affirms that the name of the Most High God Je- 
hovah came into use after two other names of the 
Deity came into succession, and began to pass 
away as inapplicable in the Divine Arcanum. 

This Most High God-name was the name of the 
Hebrew Deity manifested in the most high heaven 
that was and is to be — the true and infinite Deity 
manifested in the true and infinite sky, and named 

7^ 



and characterized according to humanity's child- 
hke conception. 

Again, is it not remarkable that this third Deity 
name, Jehovah, is that of the Hebrew rain giver 
and the wielder of Hghtning and thunder? The 
artillery of the skies, as the whole Hebrew thought 
shov/s, belongs to Jehovah, and as this armament 
of heaven does not appear anywhere in the early 
biblical writings, we are plainly told that Jehovar 
Elohim did not rain, but watered the earth witl~ 
mists. 

The conclusion drawn by these and kindred 
considerations, whose name is Legion, give deci- 
sive strength to the hypothetic reign and fall of 
ephem.eral heavens, and we find our road to the 
Deluge buttressed on all sides, and especially is 
the philosophic mind called to the change of the 
Deity name as the heavens rolled away, as a 
mystery that defies solution without canopy aid. 

''In the days of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob I zvas 
not knozvn by my name Jehovah, but El-Shaddai 
(God Almighty) was my name.'' (Ex. 6:3.) I 
would like to follow this golden memorial of can- 
opy times — a thought brought down from remot- 
est antiquity, yet I must leave it now. 

Man's Great ^^^ Eden Earth or hot house 

Longevity world necessarily prolonged 

the life of every living thing. The plant lived 

on and on, and its fruit-bearing time, and conse- 



/ 



2 



quent end in death, were indefinitely postponed 
by the environment. All know that the plant, 
shut off from the active chemism of the sun-beam 
cannot mature its seed nor bear perfect fruit. In 
such a tropic environment lived antediluvian 
man, and necessarily fell into habits impelled by 
conditions imposed. It was radio-activity ex- 
cluded by a vapor sky. 

We have light-rays, heat-rays. X-rays, and 
what-not rays, and each set of rays has its own 
part to act in the machinery of the world. It is 
well known that some of these rays are active 
builders and life preservers, and we also know 
that some of them are active and inexorable life 
destroyers. Some build up the organic world and 
some are continually tearing it down. Edenic 
conditions obtained simply because the destructive 
beam was held in check, and the constructive 
powers resident in the red and yellow rays were 
allowed to assum.e the ascendency. 

Nov/ so far as I have been able to experiment 
with aqueous vapors (my experiments in this 
field, as my early publications prove, run back 
fully thirty years), in the sifting out of the death- 
dealing powers of the sunbeam in connection with 
plant and animal life, I have been led to conclude 
that in all canopy times the vapor heavens were 
most competent averters of physical dissolution, 
by putting decisively a check upon the active 

7Z 



actinism of the sun's rays, and thus giving the 
life-imparting beam a chance to complete its mis- 
sion on earth.'*' When, then, I learn from Genesis 
and from the ancient annals of China and other 
Oriental and classic lands that man lived nearly a 
thousand years, I am forced to use the fact as 
canopy testimony, and v^e will see later how man's 
great longevity declined immediately after the 
flood, and learn the reason why. 

As I see it, the great longevity of antediluvian 
man is a monumental assurance that in the night- 
time of history the sun was concealed from the 
eyes of the world. As surely as the solar beam 
is a vitalizing, seed-perfecting, fruit-producing, 
and fruit-maturing power, it is a death-dealing 
power. Seed-making or fruit-giving is death, 
whether it is operative in the twig, the flower, 
the beast or the man. Lifetime of all animated 
nature to-day is decreed in dynamic effort at the 
very fountain-head of light, and the slightest 
change in the active chemism of the sun-beam 
would eventually be recorded in the horologue 
of man. As surely as sun power has given the 
plant the power and tendency to reproduce itself 
and die, so surely has it given humanity and all 
nature the power and the inclination to pro- 
generate and degenerate. So far as antediluvian 

*See reference to "Human Longevity" in the Appendix 
to this book. 

74 



statistics show, man's generative capacity was 
not nearly so active before the flood as it is to- 
day, and if the sunbeam is not responsible for 
it, what can be? We may talk of the natural 
life of man as ending at ''three score and ten,'' 
hut physical and exotic causes have decreed the 
limit, and five hundred or one thousand years 
w^ere once as surely a natural limit as seventy is 
now. In fact, I see no physical reason why a 
vapor canopy could not have been so perfect a sun 
controller and world-master as to make an Eden 
of immortality. But this, too, takes us far afield, 
and we might have to explain why immediately 
after the flood the God of nature commanded the 
human race to be ''fruitful and multiply,'' if He 
did not make him so by innovating decree. 

If Themis, the spirit of Law 
The Grand Intent . ^ , j i ^ i 

and nature s orderly trend, 

told the Greeks and the Romans it was decreed 
that their heavens should fall, the same spirit or 
God of nature told the Hebrew race of the im- 
pending end of this celestial drama. ''My spirit 
shall not always strive with man, but his days 
shall be an hundred and twenty years." (Gen. 6: 
3). We have here a proclamation from the ephe- 
meral heavens, and there was "no place where 
their voice was not heard, and their words went to 
the end of the world ;" and I presume we would 

75 



never have heard the faintest echo of such an 
announcement if the God of celestial order had 
not printed the decree in unmistakable characters 
in fallino' skies. When the sunli2:ht came down 
through heaven's opening ''windows'' it began to 
fix, for all time, the life limits upon all nature. 

One hundred and twenty years was a long time 
in which to foretell the completion of this world 
movement, but we must not forget that there 
was Law in those days; and oracular tongues to 
interpret it. The order of nature was a continual 
prophecy, and men who lived nearly a thousand 
years had mental ears acute to hear .and brains 
to interpret the grand intent of tragedies repeated 
again and again in uninterrupted order. This 
old order of prophetic skies gave birth to oracular 
centres, Delphic responses, Sibyline pages, — 
priestly powers, the world over, all canopy 
auguries. 

''I do bring a fiood of waters upon the earth.'' 
(Gen. 6:17.) This was another celestial declara- 
tion. Deity proclaimed it, as Deity proclaims the 
coming tempest to-day. But the portentous an- 
nouncement was the visible approach of the dread 
calamity. Such an announcement would never 
have been made if a heaven had not been made 
''in the midst of the waters." It was made in 
harmony with the fact that the sun and moon 

76 



were yet unnamed. It was made in harmony 
with the fact that there were ''waters above the 
firmament/' which had the form of a sun-con- 
ceaUng canopy, forever floating down to the 
poles, and nearer and nearer to the earth. I do 
not see how the philosopher can look back over 
this panoply of canopy testimony and not see the 
coming flood as an inevitable result of "a heaven 
of waters close to the earth." Not a passage to 
be found anywdiere in the earliest Hebrew thought 
that can lead us to suppose that antediluvian man 
ever savv^ a rain or tempest, the sun or the blue 
sky. If the firmament sent its blast on fiery 
wings with echoing thunder, the penman has not 
told us, but he has told us again and again that 
the sun and true skies were hidden, and he tells 
us he had heard there was a day zvhen it did not 
rain. I think it was Max Miiller who said he had 
never found in the pages of the Rig Veda nor in 
Homer's writing, nor in the Old Testament, a 
distinct reference to the blue sky. He might 
have said wdth no fear of contradiction, ''nor a 
free or immortal sun/' It is always a subaltern 
sun. That Bible word Shemesh, which all the 
learned have read ''Sun" in the Bible, is in every 
sense the name of an underling. Shem is a 
"name" in the sense of a report or rumor^ and it 
cannot fail to impress the canopy student that it 

77 



speaks of a thing unseen, — a thing of which men 
had heard — a concealed power rumored or named,, 
as existing beyond the view of man. It is a fossil 
name; and such fossils as this will reveal a new 
world! Nay! An old world lost! 

And now as we approach the day of the flood,, 
it is well to recall the many facts which we know 
a canopy of heavenly vapors must affirm. The 
antediluvian period was sunless and as a direct 
result it was rainless and windless and winterless 
and nightless. Summer and winter could not 
alternate. There was no certain seedtime and 
harvest. There was no true alternation of day 
and night. There was no rain-bow. But the sun 
shines clear now. We see the true sky — the only 
heaven that could send tempests, winds, summer 
and winter, seed time and harvest. The only 
heaven that could present a rainbow. The only 
heaven that could fix the seal of mortality and re- 
duce human lifetime from nine hundred years to 
three score and ten. Let us remember these 
things and see how many of them came forth 
from the world's wreck when the Great Deep 
swung loose from its heavenly anchorage, and a 
''new covenant'' or order w^as made between 
heaven and earth. There are no two ways about 
it, but we have before us all the elements needed 
to fortify the claims of an Impending deluge, to 

78 



the competency of which no man can set metes 

and bounds. We can contemplate how man's 

great physical protector became a desolator in 

its fall. 

We are told that ''in the be- 
The Great Deep , , 

gmnmg darkness was upon 

the face of the Deep, and the spirit of the Elohim 
moved on the waters/' The Elohim then dwelt in 
the heavens and the watery Deep was there also. 
Now if the Noachian flood is to be placed before 
the world's jury in the light of these canopy 
revelations, we must cease to parade it as an un- 
natural and miraculous sweep of an Avenger's 
hand. It matters not how men see fit to inter- 
pret the meeting of the earthquake, the tornado 
and the flood ; so long as the God of nature is the 
sole Arbiter on the Throne of thrones, His inter- 
pretation is the first, the last, and the only one 
that can survive the testing flame of intelligent 
thought, and here is the great fossil skeleton, and 
the interpretation is traced with a pen of steel 
between the lines. 

'"The same day zvere all the fountains of the 
Great Deep broken up; and the zvindoivs of 
heaven mere opened, and the rain zvas on the 
earth forty days and forty nights'' (Gen. 7:11, 

12.) 

In the first place I want to call attention to the 
fact that if the ''windows of heaven" were opened 

79 



at the time of the flood, then they were closed 
befere the flood, and we have the most unim- 
peachable evidence of a closed up heaven unwit- 
ingly expressed ; the very condition I have all the 
time been contending for, and which presents a 
vapor canopy with a concealed sun. Let us not 
forget this. In the second place I want to call 
attention to the fact of a closed up heaven opened 
at the time of an exceptional down-pour of w^ater, 
and ask the philosopher if that is the way the 
rain comes from the true heavens, as the w^orld 
gets it to-day? So far as ocular demonstration 
goes, the rain and tempest clouds shut up the 
firmament, and how did it ever happen that the 
heavenly windows were opened at the time of a 
forty days' rain? If this does not point the 
thinker to a strikingly different order of things in 
the birth-time of human history, I would like to 
know what the world's jury is going to make of 
it. Centuries after the flood men remembered 
that the heaven was opened then, and told their 
children the fact, and the man of to-day cannot 
fail to see a new heaven beyond. 

Thirdly, I want to call attention to the fact that 
the relationship of an open heaven to a forty days' 
rain is an absolute and supreme denial of the pos- 
sibility of such a rain coming from the clouds of 
our- atmosphere, as rains come to-day, and hence 

80 



the inevitable conclusion that the deluge down- 
pour came from a source of waters above and be- 
yond the atmosphere, in consequence of opening 
windows. But we have no such sources or foun- 
tains of water now ; hence that source disappeared 
either at the time of the flood, or sometime since, 
and it will be interesting to know when. Now 
the key-stone and master-link of testimony in this 
case is the statemient that ''in the six hundredth 
year of Noah's life, in the third month, on the 
fourteenth day of the month, the same day, all 
the fountains (or sources of the flood-waters) of 
the Great Deep zmre broken up'' (destroyed). 

Fourthly, I want to call attention to the query 
which this peculiar combination presses for an 
answer, to-wit : Why was the flood source or 
fountains of the great waters ''broken up'' at the 
very time the heavens were opened, if that source 
w^as not on high, and essentiall}^ connected with a 
prior closed up heaven? 

Here we have a quaternion of witnesses fresh 
from the fossil beds of thought which assert that 
the human family, long after its birth in the Eden 
time of the world under a life-prolonging vapor 
heaven, saw some of earth's primeval fire-formed 
waters still lingering on high, shutting up the 
true heaven from view ; saw heaven open and fall, 
and thus close the antediluvian order of nature 

8i 



by an immeasurable down-rushing flood ; the very 
event which had been imminent and pending from 
the very day the ''heavens were placed in the 
midst of the waters." We now understand why 
there was an Eden in which man lived naked. 
We now see why there was an ephemeral heaven 
close to the earth; why such a thought comes 
down from every quarter of the globe; why all 
peoples had a "sun regent/' a world-master, that 
poses everywhere as a shade and controller of 
light, a foe of the sun. 

We are not yet ready to pass away from the 
'^Great Deep'' which has been, and is to-day, a 
stupendous misconception the world over, by all 
those who do not minimize it as a mere triviality. 
Recognized as the Celestial Ocean, which has 
been the supreme agent in the building of world 
strata, all through geologic time, it becomes one 
of the grandest waymarks of the ages, and when 
intelligently prospected it will prove to be the key 
of keys in unlocking a world of mysteries, and 
correcting a multitude of scientific (?) conclu- 
sions which clog the wheel of progress to-day. 

It was no less a scholar than 
"Some Other Deep" ^, . ^ i t^ i- , 

the immortal Kav/lmson who 

showed how persistently the ''Deep'' was an ele- 
ment in the ancient thought of Western Asia, as 
revealed by the tabletory records, and he has said 

82 



without the least reservation : 'This Deep was 
not the ocean, but some other deep." Now, what 
''other deep'' could any race or people know any- 
thing about, save that great source or fountain of 
waters which was "broken up'' when the "heavens 
were opened" with a world baptism ? There was 
a Deep which all humanity saw at every point, 
and which the race had every opportunity to 
know was the one grand source of all waters. 
There was the Deep on which the ancient He- 
brews saw the spirit, or movement of the Elohim 
on the waters, and which said to every race and 
tongue, "Let there be light — and there was light." 

This upper deep was a bottomless deep and the 
only bottomless deep or abyss of waters that 
could exist ; and it explains the most puzzling fact 
that all ancient peoples, even those who lived far 
from the sea, as the Egyptians, Hindus, Persians, 
and Babylonians, show by their persistent allu- 
sion to the same, to be most familiar with great 
waters, and waves and floods. One would think 
that all races were once ocean mariners. The 
ancient Greeks called this world-investing deep 
Okeanos and said it was the "source of all foun- 
tains and streams of water." 

If there be any possible uncertainty about the 
''great deep" of Genesis being the upper ocean, 
all doubts may be dispelled by the recognition of 

83 



certain collateral testimony, some of which I will 
now offer. First, primitive man must have 
placed the source of all descending mists, fogs 
and waters, in the heavens, because he saw them 
come from that region. Secondly, we all have 
learned that celestial water sources are a promi- 
nent oriental thought. We read of "Copious 
fountains opened from above." We read of 
heavenly spirits or dragons vomiting floods of 
water. We read of ''Deep replying to deep." 
'Traise him ye heavens and ye waters above the 
heavens." We are told that the celestial horse 
Pegasus was born near the ''fountains of the 
ocean." The fountain Hypocrene was produced 
by this celestial steed. We all know that Nep- 
tune was originally a god associated with Jove, 
the thunderer, his younger brother, and the 
thought is prominent that Jove the sky-god drove 
him out of heaven and gave him the government 
of the terrestrial waters. What waters did he 
rule over before he was expelled from the skies? 
In fact, his expulsion from above can only mean 
that humxanity knew that the god of the terrestrial 
deep was once the god of the celestial deep, and 
this thought must be equated with the "fountains 
of the Great Deep broken up." 

The one salient fact is that no possible earthly 
deep could present a feature that could in any way 

84 



have suggested the idea of a fountain or source 
of waters. The thought had its origin in the 
fall of heavenly waters, and no amount of strain- 
ing and twisting of facts can shake this conclu- 
sion. These considerations, leading as they cer- 
tainly do to the establishment of Rawlinson's 
''some other deep,'' in the depths of the terrestrial 
skies, it is about time that antiquarians had ceased 
to call the ''Abyss'' of the tablets our ocean. The 
one leading idea inseparable from the word abyss 
is that of a fund of waters vv^ithout a solid basis 
or bounds. Will some one show how there could 
be bottomless or landless waters on the earth? 
Failing in this will he explain how the heavenly 
deep could have a bottom or land to bound it? 

The Hebrew name for the Great Deep is Te- 
hom, and all Hebraists know that Tehom is the 
Tihamat of the Chaldean tongue. Now, what is 
most remarkable, this Chaldean name of the 
Abyss is found in the Maya tongue in Yucatan, 
and Dr. Le Plongeon, an indefatigable student 
in ancient Central American thought, says the 
word there is Tihamatti, and means ''There wa- 
ters without land,'' and it requires no straining to 
make Tihamatti the bottomless abyss or landless 
waters on high seen by every nation, kindred and 
tongue, and known everywhere to be a landless 
fund of waters. 

85 



The Chaldean Tihamat or Tiamat gives us 
most valuable aid in the solution of the Tehom or 
Great Deep problem, for the Chaldees tell us 
plainly that Tihamat was the dragon of the Abyss 
or spirit of the waters, which produced the Chal- 
dean flood. Now it is also a well known fact that 
in ancient Chaldean thought this water dragon 
was a mortal foe of the sun, and this puts it in the 
solar heavens, and the canopy bounds into view, 
for it is the easiest thing to prove that any sun- 
foe is a vapor foe, and we find that militant spirit 
everywhere in ancient thought. Bel, the sun-god 
of Western Asia, in the last great conflict, killed 
Tihamat, the flood-producing dragon, and vaulted 
victoriously into power. This can be nothing 
more nor less than the ''breaking up of the deep" 
Tehom-Tihamat. The legend goes on to state 
that the "Sun-god cut Tihamat in twain,'' which 
was of course the visible parting of the canopy 
which let the sun have the victory. 

The one all-important lesson we learn from this 
comparison of the Hebrew Tehom and Chaldean 
Tihamat — one the Deep and the other the per- 
sonified Deep — is the fact that as the great battle 
between Bel' and Tihamat took place as a solari- 
vapor contest, the battle-field was in the heavens. 
As we are thus compelled to put Tihamat, the 
Chaldean deep, in the heavens, so are we com- 
pelled to put Tehom, the Hebrew deep, there also. 

86 



Here also we have additional testimony that the 
dragon and serpent wherever found in ancient 
thought was the water-spirit of the canopy. 

Here I want to call the student's attention to 
some of Max Miiller's remarks on the great con- 
flict between the light powers of the heavens and 
the world-dragon, or flood-producing serpent of 
the Vedic books, and it is indeed curious to find 
how the light spirit overcomes the darkening 
power in order to send rain upon the earth. 
'^Waitiami/' whose name occurs but once in the 
Rig Veda, is represented in India as one of the 
many divine pozvers ruling the Urmament, and 
destroying darkness, and sending rain, or as the 
poets of the Veda are fond of expressing it, 
"rescuing the cows and slaying the demons that 
carried them off. These cows always move along 
the firmament, some dark, some bright colored, 
.... they drop from their udders a fertilizing 
milk upon the parched and thirsty earth, but 
sometimes the poets say they are carried off by 
robbers and kept in dark caves near the uttermost 
ends of the sky. Then the earth is zvithout rain. 
.... Till at last the rock is cleft asunder and 
the demons are destroyed, and the cows brought 
back to their pastures. This is one of the oldest 
myths, or sayings among the Aryans. It appears 
again in the mythology of Italy, in Greece, in 
Germany.'' 

87 



''In the A vesta the battle is fought between 
Thraetaena (Light) and A:shi dahaka, the de- 
stroying serpent. Traitana takes the place of 
Indra (true sky) in this battle. In one song of 
the Veda, more frequently it is Trita but other 
gods also share in the same honor. The demon 
who fights against the gods, likewise is Ahi, or 
serpent, in the Veda." 

Of course this great scholar saw there was a 
time when rains did not fall in India, and it was 
natural to conclude the ground was parched by a 
burning sun shining down from a clear open 
heaven, but we must remember that the sun was 
yet ruling through a regent, and the Demon or 
dragon spirit had to be slain to bring the rain 
clouds. Ahi, the serpent, is destroyed before 
Indra, the rain god, is let into control. Say what 
we may, the battle is not that of a tempest cloud 
such as sends rain to-day. It is a battle to ban- 
ish the ''demon," or canopy, spirit, which is ever 
a sun- foe; when that foe is destroyed the true 
sky comes, the true clouds are brought (the 
cows long lost are found). The. Demon is not 
made the rain spirit, but the spirit that has robbed 
the earth of rain, and rain-clouds, and it seems 
strange that Max Miiller did not see how the 
great world battle representing the conflict be- 
tween true heaven powers and the false heaven 
spirits had no semblance to the phenomena of 

88 



rain. The myth, as he calls it, is everywhere a 
presentation of nature's effort to destroy an old 
order and bring in a new. The Veda of the old- 
est period is filled with such allusions, which 
show by their peculiar presentation of things that 
they are entirely foreign to present world condi- 
tions. 

If Indra, Trita and the other gods were not 
forever at war with the serpent in order to bring 
the clouds, or ''cows,'' as from the cleft rock of 
the firmament, and if they were represented as 
bringing the tempest demon into power instead 
of destroying him to give rain, Miiller's postion 
would be tenable. As it is, it is not. 

We have seen how this battle of the sun and 
the canopy ended in the fall of the latter as a 
serpent or dragon spirit, and the exaltation of the 
former, and this is found to be the universal re- 
sult in the ancient world. So that a vast volume 
could be penned showing how this solar-canopy 
battle was the Armageddon of the ancient skies — 
a universal Ragnarock that cuhninated in the 
fall of the serpent and the advance of solar au- 
thority. When, then, we turn again to the bibli- 
cal narrative of the flood, and learn that imme- 
diately after the fall of the waters, the rainbow 
appeared in the clouds, a child of the sunbeam, it 
would seem to end all controversy as to the lo- 

89 



cation of the Deep, for the bow's appearance is 
an absolute proof of the advance of the Hebrew 
sun, as well as that of the Chaldees. This rain- 
bow will be taken up later. 

Those who persist in claiming that the Deep 
of Genesis was our ocean have been forced to 
wade to their necks, perpetually in an ocean of 
inconsistency. To account for the flood from 
the standpoint of this conclusion, a continent Is 
suddenly depressed beneath the ocean's level to 
invite the waves of a terrestrial deep to deluge 
the earth, the very thought of which is unphil- 
osophical, and the thing impossible. This, too, is 
accommodatingly attended by a great rain that 
the desolation may be made more complete. Oh, 
fickle and unstable continents ! Oh, inconstant 
and capricious waters ! That ye should devote so 
vast a part of western and northern Asia to a 
baptismal cleansing, and, rearing bars and gates 
against the exulting waters, allow polytheistic 
Egypt and the rest of the naughty world to go 
''scot free" from a deluge ! 

We have but to look carefully 
into the world conditions that 
environed the survivors of the flood, to be con- 
vinced that a sun-concealing canopy had passed 
away. That a water heaven had fallen, and 
hence that the ''breaking up of all the fountains 

90 



of the Great Deep" had actually taken place. 
Here this grandest of old time memorials assumes 
a matchless value to the antiquarian, and we may 
well gather up the scattered fragments of the 
mighty skeleton, and add a new chapter to the 
world's history. If we fail to do so, our chil- 
dren will accomplish the necessary work after we 
lay it aside, and marvel at our delay. 

I have shown many times in 
The Rainbow ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ .^q^^.^^ 

how the sun was universally kept in the back- 
ground. Who has not read of the heaven as a 
''chamber/' or ''secret recess/' of the sun? Who 
has not met with the world-wide thought of a 
condition that was illusory and unreal? And 
who in all his reading has ever met with a par- 
ticle of evidence that lends probability that true 
sky scenes were known in the cradle time of hu- 
manity? Who does not know that the rainbow, 
unheard of in earliest times, comes upon the view 
in a later time of the world's history? Iris, the 
bow of the Greeks and Romans, figures only in 
the pantheon of Jove, the thunderer, who came 
into power as the true sky came into power. Iris, 
among both these races, was the messenger of 
Juno, the consort of Jove, and as is well known, 
this was after two vapor heavens, Ouranos and 
Kronos, had passed away. Whether we examine 

91 



the Vedas, the Avesta, or the Bible, we find one 
universal deposition, that the rainbow was un- 
known in the earliest historic times, which, of 
course, means that the sun came into power at a 
later period. With these thoughts before us we 
cannot be surprised to learn that Iris was the 
grandchild of Okeanos, the celestial ocean. 
Neither can we marvel that the rainbow of the 
bible came upon the scene after the windows of 
heaven were opened and the flood-fountains 
broken up. Even the classic Jove made the bow 
a sign of a new order between the earth and skies. 
According to the biblical flood narrative, the 
bow was painted on the cloud as the token or sign 
of a new covenant between heaven and earth, and 
this can mean nothing whatever if it does not pre- 
sent a new heaven to human eyes. What was 
that new covenant but a new order of the scheme 
of nature? The God of nature informs the hu- 
man family that the ''maters shall never more be- 
come a flood/' This is all the proof we need that 
a new order had supervened, for the old order 
was such that a flood was not only possible but 
imminent ; and any one can see that so long as 
the bow can appear on the cloud there can be no 
sun-concealing canopy. Hence the appearance 
of this ''token" in the skies after the heavens had 
opened, and the fountains of the deep broken up 

92 



for ever, is most strikingly significant canopy tes- 
timony. Then taken in connection with the fact 
that such a deluge as this could not by any pos- 
sibility come from any atmospheric source within 
the purview of man, — we are left without the 
shadow of a doubt that the peculiar presentation 
of the flood narrative, as found in Genesis, proves 
that man, sometime, we know not when, away 
back during the childhood of the race, saw a 
watery heaven pass away; saw a canopy as a 
universal world-possessor and controller ; saw 
some of the last remnants of the Earth's Annular 
System occupying the heaven as a sun-concealer ; 
and if this is not sufficient to invite some of our 
first-class scientists and physicists to take uncom- 
promising hands from the throat of truth strug- 
gling to the light, nothing else can, for, 

''This is the token of the covenant which I 
make between me and you, and every living crea- 
ture that is with you, for perpetual generations. — 
I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for 
a token of a covenant between me and the earth. 
And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud 
over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the 
cloud. And I will remember my covenant, which 
is between me and you and every living creature 
of all flesh ; and the zmters shall no more become 
a Hood to destroy all flesh/' (Gen. 9:12-17.) 

93 



Here we have unmistakably the world-wide proc- 
lamation of the post-diluvian heaven. It would 
have been utterly out of place at any other time 
than at the close of a canopy period, when hu- 
manity hailed with delight the dawn of a new 
order. Man saw the momentous change, as the 
manifestation of the Deity; of El the Mighty, 
who dwelt in the shining expanse and w^ho was 
now to begin his new order from the true and 
most high heaven, the eternal and infinite seat of 
the Eternal and Infinite. 

It is most significant, then, that at the very time 
of this stupendous world-stride from a lower to 
a higher plane, the voice of Jehovah was 
heard from his seat in the highest heaven : "And 
the Lord (Jehovah) said in his heart, I will not 
again curse the ground any more for man's sake, 
for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his 
youth ; neither will I again smite any more every 
living thing as I have done. While the earth 
remaineth seed-time and harvest and cold and 
heat, and summer and winter, and day and night 
shall not cease.'' (Gen. 8:21, 22.) Literally, 
'^Shall cease no more, shall alternate forever." 
The mind cannot contemplate this passage with- 
out feeling that we are in the very midst of a 
wondrous world-transition, that we have a new 
heaven and a new earth in view. We hear the 

94 



Deity when dwelling in a shining expanse of flood 
impending vapors, say : ''I do bring a flood upon 
the earth." Again as God manifested in the true 
and everlasting heaven, He makes an everlasting 
covenant with man. He says : ''There shall be 
no more floods.'' To-day we hear that same an- 
nouncement, just as the immediate survivors of 
the flood heard it, it may have been ten thousand 
years ago. The tones of the Infinite's voice fall 
forever on the mental ear, and the bow from the 
same celestial seat in the new-born cloud takes up 
the same eternal acclaim, and assures all men that 
the time of ''Deluges" has passed forever away. 

Man's New The geologist tells the tale of 

Environment the "ages" as he hears it pro- 
claimed from the fossil beds, wrapped in the 
shadows of an unmeasured and immeasurable 
past. It is a true tale of the true relationship 
between the earth and the overmastering skies. 
But the geologist cannot close the narrative. 
The closing scene is not altogether traced on 
pages of stone. Immortal thought asserts its 
claim from fossil beds as enduring as rock. The 
pick and ham.mer have their field, but not the 
field. Canopy world evolution calls order out of 
a world of chaos. 

I have shown how the flood-source, as a vapor 
roof, before the Deep was broken up at the time 

95 



of the Deluge, made a tropic earth repeatedly in 
the "ages/' and terminated the same by ''deluges 
vast beyond conception ;" made snow falls, at least 
in polar lands, sudden and incalculably vast. We 
now see how such a vapor heaven passed away in 
a reputed cataclysm in which man was as much a 
victim as the megatheria of geologic time. Here 
fossil thought takes the witness stand and de- 
clares : ''So long as the earth remains, seed- 
time and harvest shall recur in order of time. 
Summ.er and winter shall follow each other in 
their perpetual course, and day and night shall 
alternate without end.'' We cannot press this 
fundamental testimony of a world-change too 
strongly. It presents a feature never understood 
until the true plan of world-making by the rise 
and progressive decline of fire mists born in mol- 
ten planets, became an outgrowth of the inevita- 
ble recoil of philosophic thought from the wall 
stretched across the investigator's path, and 
against which the impiricism and dogmatism of 
old school thought has led them. 

Are we to suppose that the human race needed 
to be told after the fall of a vapor heaven, that 
seed-time and harvest should thenceforth alternate 
forever, if they had been alternating during un- 
counted centuries? The thought is unsatisfying. 
It is out of harmony with a hidden sun. It is 

96 



out of harmony with a tropic cHme that came as 
an inevitable result of a subordinate sun. It is 
out of harmony with a rainless and winterless age, 
another unavoidable consequence of solar re- 
gency. Winter and summer, cold and heat, seed- 
time and harvest, utterly refuse to be associated 
in a world with an aqueous covering that shuts 
off the cold of space, and harbors the planet's 
interior native heat. Eden is but an echo from 
the antediluvian world. Eternal summer, eternal 
harvest, with all that such a condition implies, 
were prominent features in the environment of 
antediluvian man; and the radical and sweeping 
change caused by the ''opening of heaven's win- 
dows," called forth the announcement that a new 
order should immediately start on its endless 
career. 

But the student asks, why 

A Nightless Age i .1 • 

*• * does this announcement pro- 

claim that day and night shall not cease? Are 
we to understand that day and night also began to 
alternate after the flood ? Associated as it is with 
the alternation of the seasons I cannot see what 
other conclusion we can draw. I know of no 
way of changing the plan of seed-time and har- 
vest without changing the scheme of cold and 
heat ; and day and night are in such close rela- 
tionship to them all, that to change one, all must 

97 



be changed. If there ever was a time when there 
was no definite time for winter or summer to 
have the control of the earth then there were no 
Umited periods of seed-time and harvest, and it 
necessarily follows that all conditions that now 
flow from solar power must change as sun-power 
changes. This emphatic union of winter and 
summer, cold and heat, seed-time and harvest, 
day and night, into one inseparable scheme is 
no invention of man. I must answer the student 
by saying ''what the God of nature has joined to- 
gether we cannot put asunder." But let us ex- 
amine further. 

We have certainly learned that an overmaster- 
ing, ephemeral vapor canopy was in antediluvian 
times anchored on high. We have learned be- 
yond a doubt that a canopy was an all-luminous 
expanse; where then was there a chance for the 
alternation of day and night? When we look 
into the ancient annals of the birth-time of history 
we find this all shining sun almost everywhere. 
There is the Greek, Pasiphae, whose very name 
means the ''shining whole" (the whole heaven 
made a vast sun). Now Pasiphae was a daugh- 
ter of Helios, and therefore a sun-regent. She 
dwelt in the traditional Labyrinth of the Greeks, 
and even this word seems to be a ''falling'' some- 
thing. Let us make it a falling heaven and we 

98 



will then understand why her name was ''All 
shine/' In Egypt, Osiris, the sun, once shone 
from all parts of the sky. Typhon, the great 
Egyptian dragon, whose name makes it a con- 
cealor, hid Osiris in a celestial grave, and after- 
ward tore his body to pieces and scattered the 
fragments all over the world. Osiris thus be- 
came an all shiner too. He w^as a sun that hin- 
dered the alternation of day and night. 

Going back to ancient Japan we find the all 
shining sun, Amaterasu, whose name means the 
''Brilliant Air or the ''shining whole,'' was a 
daughter of the sun and must be equated with 
the Greek Pasiphae, for according to the oldest 
annals of Japan she was set up on high, an in- 
violable glory whose work it was to guard the 
weavers of the veil or garment of the gods. She 
was made a regent of the sun, and her power fell 
when the Japanese heaven passed away and 
Ninigi, the true sun, vaulted to powder. I have 
found this ^^All shine'' among many peoples. I 
cannot follow it longer. Suffice it to add here: 
such a sun necessarily hindered the true alterna- 
tion of day and night as we see it. As I have 
before shown, the antediluvian sun shone from 
the vast luminous expanse and it necessarily shone 
all around the world, save the reign of a milder 
glow thrown back from the underworld, the land 

99 

L.01 0. 



of the dead, and because it was thrown back from 
the Death-world it w^as called the ''shadozv of 
death f Among the Greeks it was called the 
''Cap of Hades/' This leads afar. The scene 
is simply reduced to this : An all shining heaven 
was antediluvian man's sun and moon. The 
Deluge came. The all shiner disappeared as the 
heaven opened, and the rainbow and a nezv cove- 
nant came as immortal witnesses to the great 
world transition. An age whose day and night 
were a varying glow, as the earth rotated, be- 
came an eternity of day and night, as we see them 
now, and hence the announcement of the change 
as a part of the everlasting covenant. The al- 
ternation of day and night is thus an inseparable 
feature of the new, as eternal day was a feature 
of the old order. 

But the student asks again : ''As God called 
the light day and the darkness he called night,'' 
what are we to do with this ''Night?" I an- 
swer, It was "old night," and not the new. Old 
Night was the daughter of Chaos, and was the 
mother of the Parcae, Discord, Death, Illusion, 
shadows and darkness that appeared on the face 
of the canopy, as the dark bands seen to-day on 
the canopies of the planets Jupiter and Saturn. 
I cannot conceive of a brilliant canopy that had 
not dark and light bands and belts in striking 

IDG 



contrast. Old Night simply expressed the z'ast 
concealment. 

This is another feature the annular student 
must admit. When the sun was concealed it 
practically went into primeval darkness, for it 
was unseen, so far as the rendering of that dis- 
appearance has ever been made , into other 
tongues. Homeric and Hesiodic sun-setting is 
very far from being our sunset. I cannot find 
that Homer's Sun went dozmi when it disap- 
peared. It went ''heis hypo gaian/' and who is 
there can render that a ''going down into the 
under worW and be satisfied with his transla- 
tion? The Sun ment in under the concealing 
cloud. In the paucity of terms, the ancients had 
often times to use generic namxCS. Thus the 
Greeks as well as other peoples used the term 
''earth" for all this side of the canopy ; and the 
canopy itself was in their view a part of the 
earth. Just as we now speak of the telluric at- 
mosphere as a part of the world. All that came 
within the constant purview of man was of the 
earth, earthy ; and all outside of this earthly bound- 
ary was space, and under, or in the cloud-world. 
To give the thought in primitive terms, every 
thing there concealed was simply in under the 
earth, (heis hypo gaian) in Greek thought. 

Thus, too, the Egyptian Sun, Osiris, "went 

lOI 



among the AnienW when it ''set,'' and I can no 
where find the intimation that when Osiris dis- 
appeared, he went dozvn, but rather up into con- 
cealment. The Egyptologists of course tell us 
that Osiris was the ''J^^ge of the Amenti in the 
underworld." At the same time they all knew 
that he was at all times a Supernal ruler, and 
that it was the ever joyous prospect of the dying 
Sunworshiper to become one with Osiris on high 
and among the Amenti. 

Hence it is plain that the under world of 
which so much is falsely predicated in Egyptian 
lore, was not dowm but up. In the equatorial 
regions, the constant thinning of the canopy 
made the sun a frequent visitor fromi the 
hidden realm; but in the temperate zones in the 
early life of the race it was almost always hid- 
den, or set. Now almost the whole of Egypt was 
outside of the actual equatorial earth, and its 
people had to look to the southern skies for 
Osiris. Memphis Gizeh and the Pyramids are 
about 30 degrees from the equator. It so hap- 
pens, too, that the ancient literature of the Lower 
Nile region is strikingly profuse in its allusions 
to the Southern Amenti, or ''hidden ones ;'' and 
modern scholars are sorely puzzled to know why 
the Sun of the South was among the Amenti. 
So conspicuously is this feature in the old annals 
102 



that some scholars actually call the Under world 
the South. The whole difficulty banishes when 
it is conceded that the Sun Osiris set in or under 
the canopy cloud, and thus became the Judge 
of the spirit-world, because men saw him assume 
control of it. Men could not philosophically 
make him a Judge of any place which they could 
not see and concerning which they were utterly 
ignorant. 

In applying this test to the Hebrew ''Sun 
set,'' we can but arrive at the same happy con- 
clusion that like the other races the Lemites of 
the Jordan in early times never saw the Sun 
set save as it went in under the cloud, and 
into concealment. I am well aware that our 
translators tell us the ''Sun went down,'' but I 
believe this expression is always brought from 
the word bo, the meaning of which is to ''go in'' 
and to make it ''go down" is a downright mis- 
management as I see it. 

When the canopy passed from power these 
primitive terms had been fixed in human thought, 
and they have continued to express what they 
were not at first intended for. I submit that the 
translators of old thought have no right to add 
as interpreters of these eloquent witnesses, until 
they shall have become Canopy students, and 
can see how Old Night was simply utter con- 
cealment, and could not mean actual darkness. 
103 



This night, which is thus made Hght, recalls 
what Prof. Schliemann reports from this shin- 
ing midnight of canopy times. He says that in 
all his researches in the deep excavations on the 
sites of Troy, Mycennae, and other ancient cities, 
he has not found a lamp, and dovetailing this 
remarkable fact with the equally strange one 
that Homer is also silent on this subject, he has 
given me a first-class opportunity to formulate 
the query : Why look for lamps in an age when 
there was no real nightf Of course necessity 
was always the mother of invention, and the 
only demand for lamps was in the dark recesses 
of a habitation. Actual night must have brought 
forth the lamp as one of the first house-hold ne- 
cessities and I have to believe that the antedi- 
luvian lamp was a rare thing. 

Applying canopy conditions to ancient thought, 
and making Old Night identical with primeval 
darkness, and equating both with canopy con- 
cealment, we can easily see how modern investi- 
gators are misled in so many ways. More es- 
pecially is this misunderstanding in evidence with 
those orientalists who grope in Aveston and 
Vedic thought, where they make the Serpent of 
the primordial waters the Spirit of our night or 
the genius of the ever recurring storm ; they make 
the conflict, which is found everywhere raging 

104 



between the Sun and its vapor foes, a battle be- 
tween actual light and darkness, or day and 
night. This is entirely unfitting, since in the 
end the sun is exalted to immortality, and the 
serpent hurled to eternal death. The battle 
is made a final contest and the water 
genius falls never to rise. Their conclusion 
leads into utter befuddlement. The fact that 
night still lives and storms still rage settles this 
point, and we are simply to conclude that the 
fight was the last struggle between the sun and 
the sun-concealer. 

In an old Mexican Codex which presents the 
prehistoric thought of the old Aztec people, we 
find, so far as an intelligent rendering has been 
obtained, a vivid presentation of the long suprem- 
acy of night over day. In which case it is mani- 
festly in place to use the words sun-concealment 
for night. For a long period Tescatlipoca, the 
demon of concealment was the master of the 
world, a mighty, wandering god, whose move- 
ments, celestial and canopic, are plainly set forth 
in the symbolic, militant attitude of the conquerer. 
He is a Typhon, a mortal sun-foe, who after a 
severe conflict falls before a new-born sun that 
finally governs the world. Just as Horus in 
Egypt, a young sun, rose to power and avenged 
the indignities imposed by the dragon on his 

105 



father, Osiris, and arose to power through a vic- 
tory in which Typhon was slain forever. It 
seems to be a universal world thought that the 
water spirit, the Dragon of the celestial Deep, was 
the genius of night, only through a misappre- 
hension. Using the meaning ''sun-concealment" 
for night will throw a flood of light on the flood 
of time. But to return : 

The biblical idea that the waters can never 
again become a flood would be out of place if 
the flood source was not broken up forever. A 
Deluge once a possibility would always be a pos- 
sibility under any other consideration. So that 
in whatever way we look at the flood question, 
we are compelled to acknowledge the former ex- 
istence of celestial vapors comipetent to produce 
such a debacle of waters as could sent its echoes 
down to the latest period. 

It is fortunate for the canopy theory that the 
prehistoric echoes all support it. Why have we 
not found a witness in the flood narrative in Gen- 
esis that can be made to antagonize the thought? 
Where shall we find in the oldest annals a free 
sun, a true sky, a permanent heaven ? The ideas 
of the olden time reflect the unreal and decep- 
tive. So prominent was the worl3 of 'TUusion" 
that in the early Vedic thought men said the uni- 
verse belonged to Maya, or Illusion Falsehood. 
io6 



The ephemeral or false heaven was the origin 
of the thought. The serpent of the waters had 
made an Eden-world, a life of ease. Long life, 
and voluptuous enjoyment were promises the 
canopy held out to the race. It was promise 
made by the Serpent of the waters ; but it was a 
promise not fulfilled and men were deceived, and 
the Serpent, at first a beneficent power in all 
lands, became the agent of evil, a ''liar and the 
father of lies.'' In Egypt it first commanded the 
utmost regard of his worshipers, but eventually 
it lost favor as in all other lands, and the sun- 
god of almost every people took its place, and 
the concealing and deceiving spirit was banished 
from the skies for all time. 

We cannot fail to find this perpetual fall of the 
water spirit from power in such old-time me- 
morials as the following : 

''And there was war in heaven ; Michael and 
his angels fought against the dragon ; and the 
dragon fought, and his angels, and prevailed not 
neither was their place found any more in 
heaven/' (Rev. 12:7.) I could fill a volume 
with such testimony as this, to show that the 
ancient fight on the Plains of Armageddon was 
the last one, and cannot be the struggle, as we 
now see it, between sun and storm, day and night. 
This dragon of the Apocolypse was a water spirit, 
107 



for it vomited a flood of water against the 
"woman clothed with the sun,'' Then, too, it 
cannot be disputed that Michael in the Christain 
system is but a later name for the beneficent 
power that fought the light concealing hosts of 
the Parsees, the Hindus, and all the world, and 
vanquished for all time. Is the night spirit van- 
quished? Is the genius of the tempest de- 
throned ? 



i()8 




A telescopic view of a Vapor Canopy on the Planet 
Jupiter, showing an aqueous-mineral ocean many thou- 
sand miles deep, now falling in grand installments 
at the poles of that planet. 



109 



The Post-Deluvian F^^i^^^ ^^e very nature of 
Wind canopy conditions the winds 

were born when the heavens were opened, and 
the bow was formed, as I have before intimated. 
So surely as the fountains of Tehow were cleft 
and the heavens entered into a new covenant 
with the earth, so surely the winds started then 
on their eternal course ; on the other hand we 
may state it as a physical necessity, that if the 
winds did not enter more actively into the world's 
economy, when the Noachian flood occurred, then 
the whole scheme of canopy evolution here ex- 
ploited must fall to the ground. Then what 
will become of all this dovetailing? But it doesn't 
fall,' and so we find, too, that in connection with 
all these new features, the first wind ever men- 
tioned in Genesis is said to have come imme- 
diately after the flood^ for v/e read ''And God re- 
membered Noah, and every living thing, and all 
the cattle that were with him in the ark, and 
God made a wind to pass over the earth, and 
the waters were assuaged.'' (Gen. 8:i.) A 
wind at the close of the rain takes its place as a 
feature in the everlasting covenant. A wind 
that is profoundly significant because it is inci- 
dentally a link in the great chain of canopy testi- 
mony. The time of its occurrence is most fortu- 
nate for the solidarity of the claims here ex- 

IIO 



ploited. Suppose this reputed wind had come 
as a prelude to the great rain, as winds generally 
come to-day. Coming thus it would have been 
an unsurmountable obstacle in the path of the 
annular student. Wind is produced by sun power, 
and if made a forerunner of the forty days' rain, 
it would have forced the conclusion that the sun 
was not concealed in antediluvian times. It would 
show that the post-diluvian occurrence of the bow 
had no meaning whatever. Its office as a token 
of man's security from another Deluge would 
be an impossibility and a quibble. The whole 
field of Edenic thought — the heaven amidst the 
waters, ''the waters above the firmament ;'' the 
name Shamayim (meaning "there waters") for 
the Hebrew heavens ; all would be an inexplicable 
mass of meaningless jargon. Again I ask why 
this dovetailing of testimony? It has a meaning 
and it cannot be suppressed. 

When the floods came and the heavens were 
opened the sun shone down upon the earth's 
surface as it had not done for many a century. 
On that day a new heaven came into view, and 
the winds were born ; born, let me say, of a new 
heaven, and let us remember that new Deity 
names came into use as the new heaven came. 
So that when we turn to Greece and Rome and 
find the one chief and eternal Deity of those peo- 
III 



pies as the thundering and storm-sending Jove, 
who came into power after two heavens passed 
away, we will have to admit that the Greek and 
Latin wind or wind-god also became an associate 
of the Greek and Latin thunderer ; for as we have 
already seen, he was a god of the true sky — 
of the starry heaven. We need not look very far 
into the pantheons of these peoples before we 
find their wind-god, Boreas, and learn the most 
significant fact that he was the son of Astraeiis, a 
star deity J and again we could go far afield. 

When the heavens opened the sun's energy be- 
gan to operate directly upon one-half the world's 
surface. Of course the amount of that energy 
is beyond all human conception. It started the 
upward movement of heated air at the equator, 
and as an inevitable result this brought lateral 
currents from the poles, and eventuated in the 
establishment of a universal movement of at- 
mospheric currents upon which all true rains, 
typhoons, tornadoes, cyclones, and every existing 
form of tempest, snow and hail depend. The 
earth turned on its axis and thus the trades were 
produced and with them the counter-trades. This 
system of air currents and their resultant rain 
sons change and day and night continue to alter- 
nate. They are inevitable associates and will 
never disappear until the sun biirns out, or by 
some fortuity the earth becomes invested with 
112 



sun concealing vapors again; in which case the 
planet would fall back again into antediluvian 
conditions, and if those vapors were dense enough 
they would make an Edenic canopy, and repeat 
the old order. 

In the beginning of the great expenditure of 
sun force, before the vast atmosphere could 
adopt an orderly movement such as obtains to- 
day, the first winds must have been exceedingly 
violent, for it must be remembered that the un- 
heated half of the atmosphere was an immeasur- 
able resistance to the immeasurable force resident 
in the other half, and the two hemispheres were 
pitched for conflict, and we cannot marvel that 
the sacred penman relates that the first wind we 
hear of v/as strong enough to overcome the flood, 
and "assuage its waters/' Why was this wind 
an exceptional one? Why was its history trans- 
mitted through uncountable centuries, as tradi- 
tion from father to son, as the vuind of the 
Dehige? Because it was a new birth, one of the 
many new features of a new covenant, and as 
such it had to come after the forty days' rain. 
It was man's first wind, unless away back in the 
most hoary human antiquity — in inter-canopic 
times — the infant race may have passed through 
a prior like experience. It was man, nursed in 
the Inp of fjeologic possibilities now forever 
■ ended, started on a new career in a new environ- 
ment. 

T13 



THE APPENDIX 



Human Longevity I have in mind other post- 
Reduced diluvian conditions which an 
opened heaven only can explain. One of these 
only have I time and space to bring in here. Man 
whose longevity was nearly a thousand years, dur- 
ing the time of a concealed sun, began to die at 
an earlier age immediately after the flood, and in 
a few centuries after the sun came into power 
man put off this mortal coil at the age of three 
score and ten years. The change coming as it did 
in the path of a mighty world-change impelled 
by the implacable advance of thQ sun's energy, 
seems to force the conclusion that great human 
longevity was an essential feature of an old 
human environment, while the length of human 
life reduced to an amazingly low limit, was made 
a necessary feature of the new order, and this 
brings in the active chemism of the sun beam as 
responsible for the low mortality of the race. It 
is stated that Noah lived two hundred years after 
the flood, and this indicates that it took a long 
time for the sun beam to implant its fatal work in 
the vitals of the race. It is also said that the 
God of nature gave forth a decree that man and 

IIS 



beast should multiply and breed abundantly upon 
the earth, and every living thing should be fruit- 
fuL (Gen. 8:17 and 9:7.) At the same time ir- 
revocable Lam presiding at the helm of the ark of 
all living, has made fruit-bearing a step down- 
ward to Death. A sun concealed as it was primi- 
tively had small power over the blooming and 
seed vitalization of the plant, or any living thing. 
The plant lived on and on responsive to the con- 
ditions of the solar ray sifted and deprived of 
its most active ripening and death dealing power ; 
and man mas in that environment. He could no 
more avoid the effects of constructive and life 
prolonging power than he can to-day escape the 
inexorable summons of death. Always and ever 
a creature of environment. 

I know as well as any one that the great 
longevity of the antediluvian man has long been 
a doubted thing in the minds of many of our 
foremost thinkers^ but in the light of canopy evo- 
lution, which cannot be eclipsed, it is no longer a 
doubtful thing. It is a condition that a vapor- 
concealed sun impels into place ; man was simply 
forced into longevity, as he is to-day forced into 
an early grave, because the sun^beam is his 
physical master. 

It thus appears that shortened human life, and 
the power and increased tendency to multiply and 

116 



be fruitful are simply the essential fruits of a 
world change that made a new covenant between 
heaven and earth, and to all intents a new cove- 
nant is simply expressive of a new environment, 
and *'an everlasting covenant,'' means an ever- 
lasting environment; and when God said I make 
a covenant with the bow its enduring token. He 
simply said I make a new environment for man 
and as long as the bow lasts the environment lasts, 
no longer. They came together, they will stay 
together, and if one departs they will both de- 
part. It is an easy thing to demonstrate the 
deadly effects some parts of the sun beam have 
on vegetable, infusorials, and bacterial life. If 
by immersing the lower forms of life in certain 
rays we create an environment for them that in- 
variably shortens their existence, the rays simply 
kill them. Would these rays operate otherwise 
if the whole earth were subjected to such an im- 
mersion, with the redeeming rays made inopera- 
tive? If they kill microbes they simply destroy 
one form of Hfe, and the implication is that all 
forms of life are simply destroyed by certain 
rays from the solar orb. If there are certain 
rays inimical to microbic life, there must be other 
rays that favor bacterial growth, and the tendency 
of human effort to-day is to locate the region of 
such rays, and it will be done. 
117 



I think we can now see the physical necessity 
of admitting that such a world-change of con- 
ditions, as the memorials of the Deluge affirm 
again and again^ reduced the longevity of man by 
subjecting him more immediately to those solar 
activities which advanced him more rapidly along 
the line of the Grand Intent. It lifted him out 
of the inactive, sluggish and im.provident, and 
placed him on a plane of greater activity, stronger 
inclinations, mentally, m.orally and spiritually. 
With these considerations we are not slow to see 
that man is what he is to-day because that great 
central dynamo of the solar system is at work, and 
holding under inexorable control the earth and all 
things thereon. The physical, the mental, the 
moral man of to-day has thus envolved from 
primitive conditions through ever modifying 
causes. 

What other conclusion can we draw as we look 
back into former world conditions? We see 
how very slowly man reproduced his kind in 
antediluvian times, and how immediately after 
the Deluge, in an environment of pure sunlight, 
the God of nature commanded him to multiply 
and fill the earth. I cannot think that such a 
command would have been made if man's new 
environment had not made it. 

Man was also commanded to eat flesh. Had 
ii8 



he not been in the habit of eating flesh? And 
if so why was he bidden now to do so? I 
would incHne to hold forth the idea that with 
the open heaven a new covenant or world-con- 
dition came inevitably, which indeed was new in 
every sense of the word. That every inclination 
of man is made responsive to the physical forces 
that hold over him absolute control. This of 
course does not hinder him from changing his 
environment and in the end modify, control, or 
even annul it ; but inevitably, morally and physi- 
cally, he must be to-day a man of different dis- 
position and powers, occult and otherwise, than 
he was under the old order, simply because he 
was the responsive subject of a new one. 

I have seen fit to draw is but 
The Conclusion 

a steppmg stone mto a new 

and higher field of thought. I call it a field im- 
measurably vast, but adjectives cannot portray 
the prospect of that field. As I see it, human in- 
vestigation is being pushed under a misconcep- 
tion, and there is scarcely a field whose prospect 
does not grow wider and brighter, as with the 
arc-light of the Annular theory illuminating it. 
Take the field of mythology ; who cannot see with 
what unexpected authority myths become his- 
toric facts, and with what certainty the canopy 
expels the night and extends the path of the 
119 



antiquarian back into the cradle time of man? 
Ethnology, Cosmology, and all their collaterals, 
open fairer and richer fields. Biology expands 
into vast, but more accessible fields, when we are 
taught how, from forces real Life began with 
possibilities unlimited, as world conditions nursed 
it up to a positive agency. We see the plant with- 
out a perfect parent seed, because sun force was 
not present to vitalize it. It grew on and on but 
not until the sun beam visited it did it begin to 
bear fruit and have ''seed within itself,'' — plant 
evolution under solar impulsion. Man and beast 
and plant were all in the same garden world, 
and all of them at first incapable of maturing a 
seed. How long this state of affairs continued is 
not for me to surmise, but I can surmise, as I 
see this inexplicable procedure, the ever-present 
Grand Intent; and by way of that Intent I learn 
of a First Cause that could not have been blind 
nor accidental. 

But over all others the field of Geology be- 
comes a marvelous seat of new thought. When 
the hand that traces these lines shall cease to 
wield the pen, what a tearing down there will be ! 
The vast edifice built to the honor and glory of 
its immortal architects must give place to a 
structure that has Annular World Evolution as 
its eternal foundation. Strange as it is, it will 

120 



be conceded that the fossil beds of thought af- 
ford the testimony that will lift the Old School 
structure from its nethermost stone. Man saw 
the last remnants of the Earth's Ring System 
float as canopies anchored to the skies. He saw 
them sailing as the Argoes of the Gods, and the 
fallen gods testify in the world's forum forever. 
There can be no two ways about it. The human 
family primitively lived under a Jupiter-like va- 
por heaven, and such heavens reigned and fell 
all along the ages, and made the ages. 

If man saw canopy waters fall, the old school 
Geology is wrong, and it will not do for me to 
say here how amazingly off the true road it is. 
If canopies were the old world masters, they were 
the old world builders. Certainly they went as 
fire-born waters from the molten earth. But 
aqueous vapors w^ere not the only fiery exhala- 
tions sent from the igneous earth to the lofty 
skies. Plutonic energy did not — because it could 
not — fill the terrestrial heavens with water va- 
pors alone, without storing them full of mineral 
and metalic distillations from the inmost bosom 
of the molten sphere. In the fire mists born of 
inveterate heat mineral vapors arose, and when 
the segregation of rings took place, those mineral 
forms became no doubt the principal part of the 
annular world. 

121 



I need not discuss further the constitution of 
this outer world of plutonic sublimations. Suf- 
fice it to say that everything that immeasurable 
heat could lift to the heavens helped to com- 
pose the ring system and its resultant canopies^ 
and that they fell back to the earth all through 
geologic time, aiding beyond all computation in, 
the upbuilding of world strata; that all such 
world materials fell more largely in polar lands 
than elsewhere; that the last downfalls were 
more largely aqueous than mineral ; that all 
over the earth's face is found the debris and wreck 
of canopies borne from the poles through the ages. 

The way marks of the Deluge, now that we 
have a philosophic cause for the flood, cannot be 
longer refused an audience among intelligent 
observers. Great canyons excavated and vast ac- 
cumulations of gravel, boulders, etc., that no 
ordinary cause could produce have now an ex- 
planation. There were times when valleys and 
water channels were being made, but to-day such 
continued excavations are rare. Streams that 
flow over solid beds are far less in number than 
those whose beds are in valleys filled up, or being 
perpetually filled up by matter carried down from 
thje hills and mountains, more rapidly than it is 
carried to the sea. 

I am well aware that some who are not prone 

122 



to unlearn and flee from the errors of the old 
school, may conclude that I have carried the 
Deluge away from the supervision of the Creative 
Hand. I am sorry to have to wound the feelings 
of any of miy friends or prostrate their hopes by 
putting the Deluge entirely outside of the mirac- 
ulous, as the work of the Avenger's hand. I 
acknowledge the innovation but assert that I 
am a believer still. What have I done? Have 
I not proved that the Deluge and many unsatis- 
fying statements of the book of Genesis are over- 
towering and absolute truths? How many have 
stumbled at the Deluge narrative who w^ould have 
been glad to know there was a way of proving 
its truth? These are but a few of the great 
mass of disputed truths in the Bible that the 
canopy theory explains, and yet after all this, I 
cannot say it proves that the sacred writings are 
''Divine Revelation/' If I prove that what the 
Bible affinris is truths I think Revelation and In- 
spiration will take care of themselves. 

In the meantime the Bible, in spite of all denial 
to the contrary, is the property of humanity and 
properly understood is a world illuminator. For 
this reason man has been its great enemy by 
refusing to let it be examined by the light of 
reason and abide the consequences. I remember 
too vividly the shock my mind had to endure, 
123 



long years ago, when I presented my first little 
book to a good old friend whom I greatly ad- 
mired for his purity of life and talent. Looking 
at the title "The Deluge and Its Cause/' he seemed 
startled, and said : ''Why, I thought the cause was 
already known,'' and he laid the book down and 
refused to read it. It is well that such sentiments 
are continually finding less place in the world. 
Man is issuing from his cradle time to find that 
he must use the talents a designing Power has 
given him or he must lose them. With the An- 
nular Theory of World Evolution before him 
with its vast array of demonstrable truths his 
duty is as plain as the noon-day sun. But it must 
be said that this theory can rise only out of the 
ashes and dust of theories that now obtain. The 
light that it already gives facilitates to an incal- 
culable extent by its correct and practical solu- 
tion of great physical problems, the march of the 
human race. Man stands to-day on the tremb- 
ling verge of uncertainty. Thought revulsion is 
laying waste many an idolized theory and "well 
established fact," and many a thinker finds that 
the ''knomn cause'' needs revision and repairs. 
"New Thought" is born because old Thought is 
incompetent and decrepit. New Thought lures 
the impatient thinker and captivates the host be- 
cause old Thought has been led by scholastic 

124 



bigotry into the ditch. Glad thought that An- 
nular students may rescue and reinstate the old 
Thought from the grave of a forgotten environ- 
ment in which our race was born and all its ten- 
dencies set. 

The canopy idea is old thought awaking in a 
new world, from the oblivion of buried centuries. 
Its dawn is the everlasting light from the fossil 
beds of History's midnight. It opens an avenue 
into the great Truth Realm, where primitive 
scenes are awaiting to explain a world of mystery. 
A Truth Realm where the ''occiilf ends. If the 
geologist has failed to find annular world evolu- 
tion and canopy processes in the glowing record 
of the earth's rocky frame of fossil history, he 
cannot fail to find it in that Truth Realm if he 
will but open his eyes and look over its vast beds 
of fossil thought, which will stand forever as a 
deathless supplement of the stony record. 

The fact that the old school geologist has not 
found the all-abounding way-marks of the 
Earth's Annular System in the rock record, and 
that they have been found in the despised fossil 
beds of human thought and pushed into recog- 
nition in spite of his contempt, is confessedly hu- 
miliating, and it now remains to be seen how 
many of that school will yet ''die in their sins." 



125 



I intended to say in connec- 
tion with my remarks on the 
Serpent as the ancient Symbol of the ''upper 
deep/' that I have found the most positive proof 
that the Mound Builders and the Cliff Dwellers 
lived during the reign of the antediluvian canopy, 
and worshipped its Serpent spirit as their Deity. 
I have in my possession an accurate plaster cast 
of a stone tablet found in one of the cliffhouses 
of Colorado; the only one of the kind, I believe, 
ever found. Like the great Serpent mounds of 
Wisconsin and Ohio^ it represents a serpent with 
many coils, in the act of devouring or hiding the 
Sun, and is an actual record of the canopy in its 
Sun-controlling attitude. In one corner of the 
tablet are hieroglyphic characters — three col- 
umnar forms, pointing upward, as if declaring 
the meaning of the deathless legend of the Ser- 
pent one and the Sun. It is my intention to have 
this tablet lithographed for the benefit of investi- 
gators. 



126 



The Author's Publications 



BOOKS ON ANNULAR WORLD-MAKING. 



The following publications may be obtained 
direct from the author of this volume. Address, 
Isaac Newton Vail, Pasadena, California. 

The Earth's We have here a revised, en- 

Annular System larged and illustrated edition 
of a book on a New Theory of World Evo- 
lution and which to date has the approval of 
advanced thinkers. In it is set forth the log- 
ical reasons for the claims that the earth once 
had a system of Saturn-like rings, which lin- 
gered as a world-appendage, long after a large 
part of the aqueous and mineral vapors, sent to 
tlie skies in the molten era, fell back to the earth. 
The author shows how by an exceedingly slow 
decline, the rings, while yet revolving about the 
earth in the equatorial heavens^ descended suc- 
cessively in grand installments into the atmos- 
phere, and spread from the equator to the polar 
regions, as vast world-canopies, such as the planet 
Jupiter now has, in their efforts to reach the 
cartlr's surface. 

127 



Thus the first ring and canopy, descending 
through a vast lapse of time, as mineral dust and 
watery vapors, made an age of aqueous deposits 
at the same time that the lowest life-forms started 
on their fundamental plane. This watery canopy 
finally reaching the earth's surface, ended that 
age and its life conditions. In course of time a 
second and higher ring and resultant canopy 
made a new world environment and nev/ life 
conditions of higher order, and new world 
strata, which in turn were ended by a similar 
fall of vapors. 

Thus successive ring declension and canopy 
formation made the successive ''ages," and the 
successive life-planes, which have so puzzled the 
scientist, and the last ring and canopy of vapors 
made the Edenic or Golden Age of tradition, and 
its final collapse produced the Deluge of legend- 
ary fame: — when the ''heavens opened" and tlie 
sun and rainbow came as a "sign of a new cove- 
nant between Heaven and Earth." 

Prof. Vail, by following a careful and logical 
line of thought, has established on solid ground 
the "Annular Cause of all the Ages." He 
is especially felicitous in showing how canopies 
of dust and vapor made the warm arres, and bv 
falling closed them, and how tliese vapors sonic- 
times falling as marvelous reaches of snow, made 
all the Glacial Epochs. He shows the impos- 

T28 



sibility of a world becoming cold, and then covered 
with glaciers, and how a falling canopy in polar 
regions must bring down the cold of the skies, 
and glaciate a world, thus giving a most philo- 
sophic solution of a perplexing problem : — ex- 
plaining how the "Artie mammoth, luxuriating in 
polar pastures, were overwhelmed on the spot by 
avalanches of snow, and placed in cold storage, 
with food in the stomach undigested, and grass 
in the mouth unmasticated/' 

His chapters on the "Origin of Coal"' are a 
startling revelation, and have received the fullest 
endorsement of many intelligent men. The True 
Origin of Petroleum and its world distribution 
form a chapter in annular world-making which 
certainly necessitates a rigid revision of old 
theories. 

Prof. Vail is a cautious reasoner and writer. 
His aim is to prove his theories by facts already 
conceded. While he is radical, earnest and ag- 
gressive, he is not offensive ; and it will have to be 
conceded that his Annular Theory throws a 
flood of light on problems which are dark and 
perplexing. 

It is a book for all classes of students, and no 
one interested in new thought can regret its pur- 
chase. It is bound in cloth and illustrated. 
Contains 400 pages, 8x5^ inches, in good plain 
type. Price by mail, $2.50. 
129 



Pamphlet of 50 pages first 
The Coal Problem p^j^^^^ j^ ^ggg^ Showing 

how vegetation becomes coal in a bed of primi- 
tive carbon dust. An enthusiastic admirer of 
this book offered to give a thousand dollars to 
any one who would refute its claims. Price 30c. 

''Eden's Flaming deals with humanity's cradle 
Sword" time, ancient human thought, 

and the Eden narrative in Genesis. The ''S^er- 
pent/' the ''Cherubim/' the ''Tree of Life'' and 
"Tree of Knowledge/' are explained as physical 
certainties in a vapor-invested world, and reveals 
the momentous consequence of solar-radio-ac- 
tivity occluded by an aqueous canopy in the great 
longevity of antediluvian and Edenic man. Read 
it by all means. 50 pages, 35c. 

"Ophir's Golden Proves that the arctic world 
Wedge" was the "Land of Ophir" and 

that its seas were open to the world's seamen till 
after the days of Solomon; that the now frozen 
and inhospitable northworld was then the general 
breeding place for the vast hordes of humanity 
that invaded Southern Europe and Asia before 
and after the beginning of the Christian era ; and 
that this great gold-field of the ancients was 
locked against the mariner by a great canopy 
snow-fall more than two thousand years ago. 
Pamplet 40 pages, 25c. 

130 



Alaska, Land of the The problem of the "Mother 
Nugget. Why? Lode" is here solved for all 
time. The source of Alaskan gold is fully 
proved. There are companies, as well as individ- 
uals, now successfully operating in Alaska who 
learned the great lesson of the placer's origin in 
this volume. Pages 70, Price 50c. 

A lesson of the Great Lakes, 
The Lost Lake ,, •. 1 • ^ 

once all united mto a vast 

inland sea, that covered many of the western and 
northwestern States now drained by the Missis- 
sippi. How the waters accumulated, overwhelm- 
ing the mastodon's home, and finally burst its 
barriers and for centuries poured rushing floods 
to the ocean. A glacial problem. 40 pages, 25c. 



131 



SUGGESTION 

is a journal of the New Psychology for health, 
happiness and success; it teaches how to apply 
the great basic Law of Suggestion in the every 
day affairs of life through auto-suggestion. How 
shall I succeed in life? Suggestion is the pub- 
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Nature Cure, 
Advanced Hygiene, 
Psychic Research, 
Advanced Thought, 
Law of Suggestion, 
Auto Suggestion, 
Suggestive Therapeutics, 
New Psychology, 



Mind Power, 

F£y 141949 



132 



Mental Force, 
Personal Magnetism, 
Memory and Will Culture, 

and in general the principles of the New Psychol- 
ogy for Health, Happiness and Success. 

Suggestion is a magazine for thinkers ; for 
those who will not shy at an idea ; for those who 
do not use predigested thought; for those who 
wear no tag or brand or collar; for those who 
want facts. 

Do you want to see a copy of a magazine that 
is an exponent of such ideas ? 

Send a postal card — 

4020 Drexel Boulevard, Chicago. 



SUGGESTIVE THERAPEUTICS 

Those who are interested in Suggestive Thera- 
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ing Dr. Parkyn's work on this subject; 400 
pages. For the layman as well as the practitioner. 

CHICAGO SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 
4020 Drexel Blvd., Chicago. 



133 



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